Growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria causing enteric diseases and anti-free radical activity of propolis, royal Jelly and Andrographis paniculata
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Introduction: Contamination of food by pathogenic bacteria causing enteric diseases results in diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and gastroenteritis. Using synthetic drugs for treatment the diseases may cause antibiotic resistant bacteria. Thus, application of natural extracts for treatment of pathogenic bacteria causing enteric diseases may be as an alternative choice for treatment of diseases. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial and anti-free radical activities of propolis extract, royal jelly and Andrographis paniculata extract were investigated in this study. Antibacteria activity was against tested Escherichia coli, Proteus valgalis, Klebsella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anti-free radical activity was also determined by ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Results: The extract of A. paniculata showed highest activity on Sal. typhi, Shi. flexneri, Ent. aerogenes, p. vulgalis, Ps. aeruginosa and E. coli with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 125 mg/ml. The highest antibacterial activity of propolis was observed after tested against Shi. flexneri with MBC of 31.25 mg/ml. MBC of 31.25 mg/ml was observed after tested royal jelly with Shi. flexneri, K. pneumonia and Ent. aerogenes. The highest antibacterial activity on Ps. aeruginosa was shown after treatment with combination of A. paniculata extract and propolis extract. Moreover, Ps. aeruginosa and E. coli were inhibited with highest activity after treatment with the combination of A. paniculata extract and royal jelly. Combination of propolis extract and royal jelly, and combination of A. paniculata extract, propolis extract and royal jelly showed similar MBC on all bacteria tested. After determination of anti-free radical activity by ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, propolis showed highest anti-free radical activity followed by A. paniculata extract and royal jelly with trolox equivalent of, 13.41+ 2.02, 5.14 ± 0.60 and 1.03 ± 0.13 mgl/g of extract, respectively. Conclusion: All enteric bacteria tested were inhibited by the extract of A. paniculata with MBC ranged from 125-250 mg/ml. The highest antibacterial activity of propolis was shown on Shi. flexneri with MBC 31.25 mg/ml. The highest inhibition by royal jelly was observed on Shi. flexneri, K. pneumonia and Ent. aerogenes with MBC of 31.25 mg/ml. Moreover, inhibitory effects of combination of materials on bacteria were higher than non-combined materials. Moreover, the highest anti-free radical activity was observed from propolis extract followed by A. paniculata extract and royal jelly using ABTS radical cation decolorization assay.
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