Relationships between Hydraulic Permeability and Porosity of Natural Rubber Blended Films
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Abstract
Introduction: Several instruments and techniques had been developed to evaluate the porosity of materials. However, it is difficult to measure the exact value of this property in film samples. This research focused on the study of the relationships between hydraulic permeability and porosity values in natural rubber blended films which be developed for transdermal delivery applications. Materials and method: The natural rubber blended films were prepared from deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) which was developed in-house, a blended polymer was hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), ทาethylcellulose (MC), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glycerine or dibutylphthalate was used as a plasticizer. Nicotine was added in the filmformulation as a model drug. The films were constructed by simple pouring in the Petri-dish and dried in hot air over at 70±2 °C for 4 hours. The water flux values of films were measured by using dead-end stirred cell. The hydraulic permeability was calculated from the slope of water flux value versus pressure. in the other hands, the porosity of films was determined by immersing technique in distilled water. The percentage of porosity was calculated from different weights of wet and dry state of films. The values of both techniques obtained from the identified formulations were compared to find the relationships. Results: The blending of various polymers and plasticizers in DNRL significantly affected on increasing hydraulic permeability and porosity values in the natural rubber blended films depended on the hydrophilicity and solubility of polymers and plasticizers. Moreover, nicotine, which is water-soluble drug, also gave the higher porosity property in drug loaded films which indicated by the increasing of both values. There were the relationships between the values from both techniques. The results were in the same manner. However, the blended polymer types, plasticizer, and nicotine could also affect the measured values due to their different properties. The percentage of the porosity calculated by immersing technique was quite reliable than the hydraulic permeability. However, the latter technique was easier and took less time than the first one. This property was valuable for the prediction of drug release rate in transdermal drug delivery systems as film dosage forms. Conclusions: The similar result patterns were observed in both hydraulic permeability and percentage of porosity for indicating the porosity property in natural rubber blended films. Thus, hydraulic permeability and percentage of porosity were related. However, both values were affected by blended ingredients i.e., polymers, plasticizers, and drugs in films.
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