Medical Uses of Cannabis
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Abstract
Cannabis is a tropical plant in Cannabaceae family that can grow in a warm climate such as Thailand. Cannabis is considered as a narcotic plant that was traditionally aimed for therapeutic use in several diseases. But with its habit forming effect, cannabis was reframed for medical uses for quite some time. Among with various modulatory effects of cannabinoids on body functions, two major cannabinoids are known to be used as medicines. They are a psychoactive compound THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and a non-psychoactive compound CBD (cannabidiol). Currently, THC and CBD are advised to be used for treatment of a variety of medical conditions such as neuropathic pain, muscle spasticity, epilepsy, nausea and vomiting as well as loss of appetite. Both of these substances exert their activities by modulating body functions and maintain homeostasis via endocannabinoid receptors. This article aimed to provide an up to date information related to appropriate uses of cannabis as medicines. The content of this article consists of botanical characteristics, history of medical uses, active components of cannabis, endocannabinoid system, pharmacology and mechanism of action, product types, pharmacokinetics, drug interaction, adverse effects and toxicity of cannabinoids. Although, potential benefit can be found in the medical condition above mentioned. The use of cannabis in some disease states such as cancer, Parkinson, and Alzheimer's disease remain to be clinically evaluated in both efficacy and safety aspects through systematic research before being generalized for routine use.
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