การศึกษาย้อนหลังเชิงพรรณนาลักษณะผู้ป่วยโรคหนองในที่ดื้อยาปฏิชีวนะ ในคลินิกโรคติดต่อทางเพศสัมพันธ์

Lawitra Phithawutthikorn; Rossaphorn  Kittiyaowamarn; Kittipoom  Chinhiran; Pongsathorn  Saengprasert; Phimnapha  Penanam; Nopphanath  Chumpathat

Authors

Lawitra Phithawutthikorn Bangrak Medical Center
Rossaphorn Kittiyaowamarn Bangrak Medical Center
Kittipoom Chinhiran Bangrak Medical Center
Pongsathorn Saengprasert Bangrak Medical Center
Phimnapha Penanam Bangrak Medical Center
Nopphanath Chumpathat Faculty of Nursing, Pathumthani University

Keywords:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, antimicrobial resistance, sexually transmitted disease

Abstract

This retrospective study was conducted using medical records to examine the demographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviors, and clinical manifestations of patients with antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea at the Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic, Bangrak Medical Center. The target population included 38 patients with gonorrhea who had antimicrobial susceptibility test results interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria and received care between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2025. Data were collected from medical records, including general information, sexual behaviors, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the mean age of patients was 31.74 years (SD = 10.43), and most were men who have sex with men (68.42%). A history of gonorrhea in the past three months was reported by 31.71% of patients. Regarding sexual risk behaviors, 36.84% reported having sex without using a condom, 52.63% had two to five sexual partners, and 47.37% had casual partners. Clinically, 90% of female patients had vaginal discharge, while 50% of male patients experienced dysuria with urethral discharge. Among men
who have sex with men, 46.15% presented with both dysuria and urethral discharge. After treatment, 89.47% of patients recovered from infection; however, 86.84% of patients and their sexual partners were lost to follow-up.

The findings suggest the need to develop a follow-up system for patients and their sexual partners to prevent reinfection and transmission. In addition, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and systematic health education, including condom use and partner treatment, should be implemented to prevent further infection.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alhusseini, L. B., Hasani, B., Jaafar, F. N., Beig, M., Abbasian, S., & Azizian, K. (2025). Temporal and geographic trends in extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 25(1), 1175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11601-2

Buasakul, P., Sangprasert, P., & Kittiyaowamarn, R. (2020). Antimicrobial susceptibility in N. Gonorrhoeae during 2012–2018. Thai AIDS Journal, 32(2), 42–53.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021: Gonococcal infections among adolescents and adults. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/gonorrhea-adults.htm

Department of Disease Control. (2023). Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections B.E. 2567 (2024). Bangkok: Bangrak Medical Center for Sexually Transmitted Infections, Division of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. (2026). European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diametersVersion 16.0, valid from 2026-01-01. EUCAST. Retrieved from https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/eucast/pdf/breakpoints/v_16.0_Breakpoint_Tables.pdf

Kittiyaowamarn, R., Girdthep, N., Cherdtrakulkia, T., Sangprasert, P., Tongtoyai, J., Weston, E., . . . Wi, T. (2023). Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility trends in Bangkok, Thailand, 2015–21: Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance programme (EGASP). JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 5(6), dlad139. https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlad139

Laumen, J. G. E., Hieu, V. N., Nhung, P. H., Vandelannoote, K., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. T., . . . Adamson, P. C. (2025). High prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2023–2024. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 232(1), e73–e77. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf071

Putthawong, P., Jantaramanee, S., & Yingyong, T. (2025). Situation report of Gonorrhea, 2024. Weekly Epidemiologicak Surveillance Report, 56(2), 1-3.

Unemo, M., Ross, J. D. C., Serwin, A. B., Gomberg, M., Cusini, M., & Jensen, J. S. (2020). 2020 European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 31(10). https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462420949126

Wi, T., Lahra, M. M., Ndowa, F., Bala, M., Dillon, J.-A. R., Ramon-Pardo, P., . . . Unemo, M. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Global surveillance and a call for international collaborative action. PLoS Medicine, 14(7), e1002344. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002344

World Health Organization. (2022). WHO Gonococcal AMR Surveillance Programme. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/who-gonococcal-amr-surveillance-programme-who-gasp

World Health Organization. (2023). Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report: 2023. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062702

World Health Organization. (2025). Multi-drug resistant gonorrhoea. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/multi-drug-resistant-gonorrhoea