การพัฒนารูปแบบการดูแลเฉพาะรายเพื่อส่งเสริมพัฒนาการเด็กออทิสติกปฐมวัยที่มีความบกพร่องทางพัฒนาการระดับรุนแรง

Jaruwan Prada; Siripran  Sanlung; Wantanee  Phosomboon; Napat  Promchoo; Sopon  Sawat

Authors

Jaruwan Prada Rajanukul Institute, Din Daeng, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
Siripran Sanlung Rajanukul Institute, Din Daeng, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
Wantanee Phosomboon Rajanukul Institute, Din Daeng, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
Napat Promchoo Rajanukul Institute, Din Daeng, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
Sopon Sawat Rajanukul Institute, Din Daeng, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

Keywords:

developmental skills enhancing, early childhood with autism

Abstract

This research and development study aimed to assess the situation, develop a personalized care model, and evaluate its effectiveness for early childhood with low-functioning autism. The sample included 1) 40 children with low-functioning autism, aged 3-5 years, 2) 40 parents of children with early childhood autism, and 3) 6 professional nurses. Research tools included 1) a group conversation data recording form, 2) an individualized care guide to enhance developmental skills in early childhood with low-functioning autism, 3) a guide to enhance developmental skills in early childhood with low-functioning autism, 4) an assessment form for the severity of autism symptoms in children, 5) an assessment form for the knowledge and skills of caregivers, and 6) a nurse satisfaction assessment form. The content validity indices for tools 2-6 were .84, .81, .97, .86, and .96, respectively. The reliability of the assessing tool for the severity of autism symptoms in children is .93 and for the assessment form for the knowledge and skills of caregivers, it is .84. Data analysis involves content analysis, descriptive statistics, and t-tests.

The findings revealed that:

1. The situation of caring and enhancing developmental skills in early childhood with low-functioning autism followed an inpatient caring program and responded to the problems and needs of children with autism and their families. However, it lacked specificity in addressing individual problems, and the duration of developmental promotion needed to be extended to at least 3-4 rounds for evaluation every 3 months. Moreover, the caregiver's involvement in the care of children with autism lacked a clear model.

2. The personalized care model for enhancing developmental skills in early childhood with low-functioning autism consisted of 5 individual nursing process steps.

3. The results of the effectiveness of the personalized care model showed that the average severity of autism symptoms in the experimental group, which received care according to the personalized care model, differed from that in the control group, which received care according to the regular service program, both before and after the experiment, with statistical significance at the .05 level. Moreover, the knowledge and skills of caregivers in caring for early childhood with autism were significantly higher after the experiment, with statistical significance at the .05 level, and nurse satisfaction with the use of the personalized care model was at the highest level.

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