Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from broiler chicken farms in the Northeast of Thailand
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Abstract
Objectives: This study was performed to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from broiler farms located in the northeastern region of Thailand during 2015 and 2018. Additionally, we examine the presence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in these isolates.
Materials and Methods: This study included 30 Salmonella group D isolates, which were obtained from boot swab samples collected from 30 Good Agricultural Practice (GAP)- certified broiler farms. A single isolate was chosen at random from each farm for analysis. The isolates were identified as S. Enteritidis using PCR specific to the SdfI gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on the isolates using an automated microbroth dilution method for 27 antimicrobial agents from 12 different classes. The presence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes was detected using PCR analysis.
Results: All Salmonella group D isolates were genetically identified as S. Enteritidis by PCR. The S. Enteritidis isolates displayed resistance only to ampicillin (100%), cephalexin (90%), and nitrofurantoin (3.33%). Intermediate resistance to ticarcillin/clavulanate (100%), ciprofloxacin (100%), nitrofurantoin (96.7%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (36.7%) was also detected. The majority of isolates (90%) exhibited an ampicillin-cephalexin resistance pattern, and only one isolate (3.33%) was multidrug resistant, displaying resistance to ampicillin, cephalexin, and nitrofurantoin. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was 0.07 for most isolates, with the highest MAR index of 0.11 found for the multidrug resistance (MDR) strain. Three isolates (10%) harbored the mcr-1 gene, but none of these isolates were multidrug resistant.
Conclusions: A low prevalence of multidrug resistance was observed among S. Enteritidis isolates. This may be attributed to the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship practices in broiler farms that follow the GAP standard. Nonetheless, the facts that all isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and the presence of mcr-1 gene highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and mcr genes in S. Enteritidis from poultry sources.
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