KKU Veterinary Journal

Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs: A meta-analysis of prevalence studies

2024-01-12T16:15:42+07:00

Objective: Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe disease or even death in pigs and humans. Therefore, the antimicrobial resistance of S. suis is a major threat to public health. This study was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence and trend of antimicrobial resistance of S. suis isolated from pigs worldwide.

Materials and Methods: The relevant citations were retrieved from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. The retrieved citations were screened for their eligibility based on the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies. Only seven most reported antibiotics from different classes were extracted. These included ceftiofur, clindamycin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. A random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of S. suis isolated from pigs. Meta-regression analysis was used to determine the trend of the pooled prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of S. suis isolated from pigs over time. The quality of the included studies was also evaluated.

Results: A total of 360 articles were identified from three databases, but only 26 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included for meta-analysis. The highest pooled prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of S. suis isolated from pigs was tetracycline (89.2% [95% CI, 83.5-93.2%]), followed by clindamycin (83.8% [95% CI, 73.7-90.5%]) and erythromycin (69.3% [95% CI, 57.8%-77.7%]). The lowest pooled prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of S. suis isolated from pigs was ceftiofur (4.3% [95% CI, 2.2–8.2%]) and penicillin (7.5% [95% CI, 4.0–13.6%]). The trend of antimicrobial resistance of S. suis isolated from pigs was not significantly changed over time for all seven antibiotics analyzed.

Conclusion: The trend of antimicrobial resistance of S. suis isolated from pigs is constantly high for tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin; however, the trend is consistently low for ceftiofur and penicillin.

Prevalence of Blood Parasitic Infections in Raising Dogs at Thaksin University Area Phatthalung Campus

2024-02-14T10:37:26+07:00

Hematological values are important for assessing animal health, especially in asymptomatic animals. Hematological data for individuals can aid in differential diagnosis and reduce the spread of pathogens. This study delved into the prevalence of hematopoietic blood infestation in raising dogs in the Thaksin University area, Phatthalung Campus. It specifically focused on hematological values in 50 raised dogs, with samples taken for hematological analysis. The findings revealed that 34 % (17/50) of the dogs had anemia, 72 % (36/50) had thrombocytopenia, and 4 % (2/50) had leukopenia. These results indicate blood parasite infections. Further tests for blood parasites using thin blood smears showed the highest prevalence of Ehrlichia spp., together with Anaplasma spp. at 12 % (6/50), Babesia spp. at 8 % (4/50), and Anaplasma spp. at 2 % (1/50), respectively. Moreover, no parasites were found in 78 % (39/50) of the cases. Despite the absence of parasites, the examination of hematology values revealed that they were not within the normal range. There was a tendency to indicate blood parasite infection in 90 % (45/50) of the dogs, with only 10 % (5/50) at risk of not having blood parasite infection. The findings of the study revealed that dogs, despite showing no clinical sign, exhibited abnormal hematological test results. Therefore, disease surveillance in asymptomatic dogs is essential for animal health and prevention of zoonoses.

Relationship Between Temperament and Nursing behavior in 72 Hours post-partum of Kamphaengsaen Beef Cattle

2024-05-01T11:34:45+07:00

Objective: This study aims to examine the behavior and emotional states of beef cattle between cows exhibiting calm emotional states and cows exhibiting aggressive emotional states in relation to their nursing behaviors within 72 hours postpartum.

Materials and Methods: The reached sixteen Kamphaeng Saen cattle. The experiment's apparatus consists of a camera, a laptop, a chute test and an exit velocity test to assess the temperament status of the individual cows. Once the temperamental states are grouped, the temperamental states of the cows are grouped, and then their behavior is observed from the day before the prepartum period to 72 hours following postpartum. Information on nursing behavior was collected through the use of video recordings.

Results: The results of the temperament test using the chute test and the exit velocity test technique. The results showed that the low and high means chute scores were 1.67±0.31 and 4.00±0.33, with minimum and maximum exit velocities of 0.21±0.02 m/s and 0.54±0.19 m/s, respectively. Temperament groups were categorized on the basis of the average value of chute score and exit velocity: calm cattle (n = 7) and ill-tempered cattle (n = 9). The results show that the calmer cows have a delayed calving to-calf contact after postpartum compared to the ill-tempered cows, which take 6.57±0.24 seconds and 3.66±0.21 seconds, respectively. Ill-tempered cattle approach calves 72 hours after postpartum more often than calm cattle, namely 18.22±0.34 times and 13.28±0.39 times, respectively. However, calving to calf licking takes longer in calm cattle than in cattle with poor dispositions, namely 43.00±0.88 minutes and 37.55±0.77 minutes, respectively.

Conclusion: The temperamental state of cows has different influences on nursing behavior, such as contact between cows and calf, licking the calf and approaching the calf 72 hours after postpartum. This behavior showed the maternal behavior toward the calf nursing after postpartum. As a result, by understanding each individual cow's temperamental state, it is possible to manage them individually and reduce the possibility that farm stimuli alter their temperamental state and nursing behavior.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) stress response induced by Heavy metals contaminated municipal waste landfill reservoir

2024-02-19T12:21:52+07:00

Objective: This study aims to investigate Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) stress responses i.e. concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol and the alteration of non-specific immunological response (leukocytic differential counts) after cage culture in heavy metal contaminated landfill leachates aquaculture compared with those cultured in unpolluted area.

Material and methods: The samples were collected from Khon Kaen municipal waste dump reservoir Kambon village, Khon Kaen. Water quality parameters were evaluated monthly. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and Lead (Pb) in the water, sediment and O. niloticus’s muscle were determined at the end of the study using induction coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Optima 8300) Both water and fish muscle heavy metal concentrations were compared to Thailand’s standard limits.

Results: The water quality parameters did not exceed standard values while the concentrations of Cr in the water, sediment did exceed Thailand’s standards as well as concentration of Cr in O. niloticus’s muscle were higher than FAO limits, whereas Cd and Pb were undetected. Concentration of CRP, cortisol and neutrophil differential count were significantly higher than normal ranges (P <0.05).

Conclusion: We can conclude that heavy metal contamination in landfill leachate were negatively effect on stress and fish health conditions