Lesion scores, oocysts output, hematological and histopathological changes of the 7 days life cycle of Eimeria tenella in broilers.
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Abstract
Objective: Eimeria tenella is a protozoan which is a causative agent of avian cecal coccidiosis. The disease results in bleeding, diarrhea, weight loss, high morbidity and mortality in chickens. This study investigated lesion scores, oocysts output, hematological and histopathological changes of the 7 days life cycle of E. tenella.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-six, broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups of which group 1 was uninfected and group 2 was infected with 2x104E. tenella oocysts. Blood samples were collected from four chickens of each group and birds were then euthanized at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days post infection (dpi). Lesion scores, oocyst output and hematological data were evaluated and compared between group.
Results: Lesion scores and oocyst output of the infected group were significantly higher than in the uninfected group at 5, 6 and 7 dpi (p ≤ 0.05). PCV was significantly lower than in the uninfected group at 3 to 7 dpi (p ≤ 0.05). WBC count was significantly higher than in the uninfected group at 4 dpi (p ≤ 0.05). Lymphocytes and heterophils were significantly higher compared to the uninfected group at 4 dpi (p ≤ 0.05). Monocytes were significantly higher than in the uninfected group from 3 to 5 dpi (p ≤ 0.05). The developmental stages of E. tenella in cecal tissue during the 7 days life cycle included trophozoite at 2 dpi, first generation of schizonts at 3 dpi, secondary generation of merozoites and schizonts at 4 and 5 dpi and gametocytes and oocysts at 6 and 7 dpi.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that monocytes were the most effective white blood cell and secondary generation schizonts were the pathogenic developmental stage of E. tenella which effective on lesion scores, hematological and histopathological changes was on E. tenella infection.
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