Q Fever, re-emerging disease
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Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the agent of Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. It causes a range of reproductive diseases, especially abortion in ruminants. These species play a significant role in human infection as they shed C. burnetii cells in the fetal membranes, birth fluids and vaginal mucus, as well as in the milk and other excretions. Several studies have been carried out to present an inventory of the prevalence in farms, the risks of Q fever and the possible applicable measures in infected sheep, cattle and goats. Other researches were realized to limit the contamination of the environment and the population. The major current purpose is to determine the best diagnostic approaches and to implement control plans. Vaccination appears to be an essential means of combating Q fever. An inactivated phase I vaccine, of which preventive effectiveness has been demonstrated experimentally, has been developed in France. Ongoing studies will allow an evaluation of this vaccine in farms. In Algeria, few studies have been carried out on the seroprevalence and the genotyping of C. burnetii in ruminants which makes the pathology misunderstood, neglected, and underestimated. At the end, Q fever is a challenging disease for all the scientists around the world as significant further investigations are necessary. Great research opportunities are available to reach a better understanding and therefore a better treatment, prevention and control of the infection.
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