A study of antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica var. Siamensis valeton leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts
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Abstract
Objective To study antimicrobial activity and to determine the minimal bactericidal concentrations of Azadirachta indica var. siamensis valeton leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts.
Materials and methods Azadirachta indica var. siamensis valeton leaf was collected and extracted by ethanol. Antimicrobial activities of the crude extract were tested using broth microdilution method with 5 replications against 25 samples of pathogenic bacteria which were isolated from animals and against 2 yeasts. The isolated bacteria were 4 Gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius and 4 Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were also tested as the standard controls. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of all bacteria and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans were determined.
Results The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of Azadirachta indica var. siamensis valeton leaf extract against Streptococcus spp., S. aureus, S. hyicus, S. intermedius, P. aeruginosa, A. hydrophila, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were 7.81-31.25, 31.25-62.5, 31.25, 500, 125, 500, 1000, 250-1000 mg/ml respectively. For the yeasts, The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of Azadirachta indica var. siamensis valeton extracts against C. neoformans and C. albicans were 2000, 2000 mg/ml respectively.
Conclusions Ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica var. siamensis valeton leaf had antibacterial activities against various types of pathogenic bacteria that were isolated from animals with different MBC values; and could also inhibit C. neoformans and C. albicans in vitro. In comparison, Gram positive bacteria group showed lower MBC values than Gram negative bacteria group.
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