Clinical findings of non-ketonuric versus ketonuric diabetic dogs: A retrospective study
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the clinical findings between non-ketonuric (n=13) and ketonuric (n=21) diabet- ic dogs, at their first presentation to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Khon Kaen University during January 2016-De- cember 2018.
Materials and Methods: This study reviewed the medical records of diabetic dogs for signalment and clinical find- ings regarding clinical presentations, hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis and measurement of serum canine pancreatic-specific lipase activity (SNAP cPL). Difference of clinical findings between non-ketonuria and ketonuria was analyzed. Association of ketonuric status and positive SNAP cPL was represented by the odds ratio with 95% confi- dence intervals.
Results: The diabetic dogs were common in middle to old age. Non-ketonuric dogs (13/34; 38.24%) and ketonuric dogs (21/34; 61.76%) were found. The degrees of ketonuria were 13/34 (38.24%) and 8/34 (23.53%) for mild (1+ to 2+) and moderate (3+) ketonuria respectively. Clinical presentations were polydipsia/polyphagia (PU/PD; 70.59%), weight loss (61.76%), cataract (47.06%), vomiting (32.35%), polyphagia (17.65%) and anorexia (8.82%). Clinical presenta- tions did not differ between non-ketonuric and ketonuric dogs. Decrease in lymphocyte, likely reflecting stress, was significant in the moderate ketonuria (p=0.03). Marked increased ALP was a major clinical finding of diabetic dogs (26/27; 96.3%) but there was no significant difference between non-ketonuria and ketonuria group. Ketonuric dogs was significantly associated with a positive SNAP cPL (OR=13, 95% CI; 1.11 to 152.36, p=0.039).
Conclusion Lymphopenia was likely more present in moderate ketonuria. The odds of ketonuric diabetic dogs was 13 higher given a positive SNAP cPL compared to non-ketonuric dogs.
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