Epidemiology and prevention of African swine fever
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 16, 2019
Keywords:
African swine fever Swine Outbreaks Interventions Surveillances
Main Article Content
Abstract
African swine fever was endemic in Africa, some regions in Europe and Sardinia. Recently, this disease has been increasing remarkably due to the outbreak occurring in new areas such as East Asian countries or the ASEAN region. However, there is risk of ASF outbreak in Thailand because this disease has been reported in neighboring countries that are border including Myanmar, Vietnam and Cambodia. African swine fever is significant in the pig industry which can caused acute death and high mortality rate in infected animals. Moreover, there has no specific drugs and vaccines for prevention. If there is an outbreak of ASF disease in Thailand, it will be difficult to control the spreading because the virus is distributing easily and tolerance in the environment. Moreover, this disease will be a new disease that has never occurred before or emerging infectious disease. This article discusses the nature of African swine fever in pigs, diagnosis, epidemiology and various interventions used to prevent African swine fever. This study provides data as a guideline for monitoring the disease situation and disease prevention in order to reduce the destruction that will happen when the outbreak occurs and use as a guideline for future studies.
Article Details
Section
Review articles
References
Abworo, E.O., Onzere, C., Oluoch Amimo, J., Riitho, V., Mwangi, W., Davies, J., Blome, S., and Peter Bishop, R. 2017. Detection of African swine fever virus in the tissues of asymptomatic pigs in smallholder farming systems along the Kenya–Uganda border: implications for transmission in endemic areas and ASF surveillance in East Africa. Journal of General Virology 98(7), 1806-1814.
Achenbach, J.E., Gallardo, C., Nieto-Pelegrín, E., Rivera-Arroyo, B., Degefa-Negi, T., Arias, M., Jenberie, S., Mulisa, D.D., Gizaw, D., Gelaye, E., Chibssa, T.R., Belaye, A., Loitsch, A., Forsa, M., Yami, M., Diallo, A., Soler, A., Lamien, C.E. and Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M. 2017. Identification of a New Genotype of African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs from Ethiopia. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 64(5), 1393-1404.
Beltran-Alcrudo, D., Arias, M. and Gallardo, C. 2017. African swine fever. detection and diagnosis–A manual for veterinarian. FAO Animal production and health. Rome. 19.
Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary services. 2018. Contingency plan for prevention and control African swine fever and clinical practice guideline. Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
Carrascosa, J., Carazo, J., Carrascosa, A.L., García, N., Santisteban, A. and Viñuela, E. 1984. General morphology and capsid fine structure of African swine fever virus particles. Virology 132(1), 160-172.
David, A.G.C., Alistair, C.D., Melissa, Da. S., Chris, U., Alan, D.R. and Linda, K.D. 2011. Genomic Analysis of Highly Virulent Georgia 2007/1 Isolate of African Swine Fever Virus. Emerging Infectious Disease journal 17(4), 599-605.
Davies, K., Goatley, L.C., Guinat, C., Netherton, C.L., Gubbins, S., Dixon, L.K. and Reis, A.L. 2017. Survival of African Swine Fever Virus in Excretions from Pigs Experimentally Infected with the Georgia 2007/1 Isolate. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 64(2), 425-431.
Fernández-Pinero, J., Gallardo, C., Elizalde, M., Robles, A., Gómez, C., Bishop, R., Heath, L., Couacy-Hymann, E., Fasina, F.O., Pelayo, V., Soler, A. and Arias, M. 2013. Molecular Diagnosis of African Swine Fever by a New Real-Time PCR Using Universal Probe Library. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 60(1), 48-58.
Freitas, T. and Lyra, T. 2018. Molecular studies on African swine fever virus from Brazilian isolates. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 85, 1-8.
Gallardo, C., Fernández-Pinero, J., Pelayo, V., Gazaev, I., Markowska-Daniel, I., Pridotkas, G., Nieto, R., Fernández-Pacheco, P., Bokhan, S., Nevolko, O., Drozhzhe, Z., Pérez, C., Soler, A., Kolvasov, D. and Arias, M. 2014. Genetic variation among African swine fever genotype II viruses, eastern and central Europe. Emerging infectious diseases 20(9), 1544-1547.
Gallardo, M.C., Reoyo, Adl.T., Fernández-Pinero, J., Iglesias, I., Muñoz, M.J. and Arias, M.L. 2015. African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge. Porcine Health Management 1(21), 1-14.
Ghosh, S., Bansal, G.C., Gupta, S.C., Ray, D., Khan, M.Q., Irshad, H., Shahiduzzaman, M., Seitzer, U. and Ahmed, J.S. 2007. Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitology Research 101(2), 207-216.
Guinat, C., Gogin, A., Blome, S., Keil, G., Pollin, R., Pfeiffer, D.U. and Dixon, L. 2016. Transmission routes of African swine fever virus to domestic pigs: current knowledge and future research directions. The Veterinary record 178(11), 262-267.
Guinat, C., Vergne, T., Jurado-Diaz, C., Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M., Dixon, L. and Pfeiffer, D.U. 2017. Effectiveness and practicality of control strategies for African swine fever: what do we really know? The Veterinary record 180(4), 97.
Gulenkin, V.M., Korennoy, F.I., Karaulov, A.K. and Dudnikov, S.A. 2011. Cartographical analysis of African swine fever outbreaks in the territory of the Russian Federation and computer modeling of the basic reproduction ratio. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 102(3), 167-174.
Hernáez, B., Guerra, M., Salas, M.L. and Andrés, G. 2016. African Swine Fever Virus Undergoes Outer Envelope Disruption, Capsid Disassembly and Inner Envelope Fusion before Core Release from Multivesicular Endosomes. PLoS pathogens 12(4), 1-32.
Howey, E.B., O’Donnell, V., de Carvalho Ferreira, H.C., Borca, M.V., Arzt, J. 2013. Pathogenesis of highly virulent African swine fever virus in domestic pigs exposed via intraoropharyngeal, intranasopharyngeal, and intramuscular inoculation, and by direct contact with infected pigs. Virus research, 178(2), 328-339.
Iglesias, I., Rodríguez, A., Feliziani, F., Rolesu, S. and De la Torrre, A. 2015. Spatio-temporal Analysis of African Swine Fever in Sardinia (2012-2014): Trends in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 64(2), 656-662.
Manzano-Román, R., Díaz-Martín, V., de la Fuente, J. and Pérez-Sánchez, R. 2012. Soft ticks as pathogen vectors: distribution, surveillance and control. Parasitology 7,125-162.
McKercher, P.D., Hess W.R., Hamdy F.1978. Residual viruses in pork products. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 35(1), 142-145.
Mebus, C., Arias, M., Pineda, J. M., Tapiador, J., House, C., Sanchez-Vizcaino, J. M. 1997. Survival of several porcine viruses in different Spanish dry-cured meat products. Food Chemistry 59(4), 555-559.
OIE. 2012. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.
Quembo, C.J., Jori, F., Vosloo, W. and Heath, L. 2018. Genetic characterization of African swine fever virus isolates from soft ticks at the wildlife/domestic interface in Mozambique and identification of a novel genotype. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 65(2), 420-431.
Revilla, Y., Pérez-Núñez, D. and Richt, J.A. 2018. Chapter Three - African Swine Fever Virus Biology and Vaccine Approaches. Advances in Virus Research (100), 41-74.
Rowlands, R.J., Michaud, V., Heath, L., Hutchings, G., Oura, C., Vosloo, W., Dwarka, R., Onashvili, T., Albina, E. and Dixon, L.K. 2008. African swine fever virus isolate, Georgia. Emerging infectious diseases 14, 1870–1874.
Sánchez-Cordón, P.J., Montoya, M., Reis, A.L. and Dixon, L.K. 2018. African swine fever: A re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry. The Veterinary Journal 233, 41-48.
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M., Mur, L., Gomez-Villamandos, J.C. and Carrasco, L. 2015. An Update on the Epidemiology and Pathology of African Swine Fever. Journal of Comparative Pathology 152(1), 9-21.
Thomson, G. 1985. The epidemiology of African swine fever: the role of free-living hosts in Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 52, 201-209.
Zhao, D., Liu, R., Zhang, X., Li, F., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Wu, X., Guan, Y., Chen, W., Wang, X., He, X. and Bu Z. 2019. Replication and virulence in pigs of the first African swine fever virus isolated in China. Emerging Microbes & Infections 8(1), 438-447.
Achenbach, J.E., Gallardo, C., Nieto-Pelegrín, E., Rivera-Arroyo, B., Degefa-Negi, T., Arias, M., Jenberie, S., Mulisa, D.D., Gizaw, D., Gelaye, E., Chibssa, T.R., Belaye, A., Loitsch, A., Forsa, M., Yami, M., Diallo, A., Soler, A., Lamien, C.E. and Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M. 2017. Identification of a New Genotype of African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs from Ethiopia. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 64(5), 1393-1404.
Beltran-Alcrudo, D., Arias, M. and Gallardo, C. 2017. African swine fever. detection and diagnosis–A manual for veterinarian. FAO Animal production and health. Rome. 19.
Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary services. 2018. Contingency plan for prevention and control African swine fever and clinical practice guideline. Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
Carrascosa, J., Carazo, J., Carrascosa, A.L., García, N., Santisteban, A. and Viñuela, E. 1984. General morphology and capsid fine structure of African swine fever virus particles. Virology 132(1), 160-172.
David, A.G.C., Alistair, C.D., Melissa, Da. S., Chris, U., Alan, D.R. and Linda, K.D. 2011. Genomic Analysis of Highly Virulent Georgia 2007/1 Isolate of African Swine Fever Virus. Emerging Infectious Disease journal 17(4), 599-605.
Davies, K., Goatley, L.C., Guinat, C., Netherton, C.L., Gubbins, S., Dixon, L.K. and Reis, A.L. 2017. Survival of African Swine Fever Virus in Excretions from Pigs Experimentally Infected with the Georgia 2007/1 Isolate. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 64(2), 425-431.
Fernández-Pinero, J., Gallardo, C., Elizalde, M., Robles, A., Gómez, C., Bishop, R., Heath, L., Couacy-Hymann, E., Fasina, F.O., Pelayo, V., Soler, A. and Arias, M. 2013. Molecular Diagnosis of African Swine Fever by a New Real-Time PCR Using Universal Probe Library. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 60(1), 48-58.
Freitas, T. and Lyra, T. 2018. Molecular studies on African swine fever virus from Brazilian isolates. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 85, 1-8.
Gallardo, C., Fernández-Pinero, J., Pelayo, V., Gazaev, I., Markowska-Daniel, I., Pridotkas, G., Nieto, R., Fernández-Pacheco, P., Bokhan, S., Nevolko, O., Drozhzhe, Z., Pérez, C., Soler, A., Kolvasov, D. and Arias, M. 2014. Genetic variation among African swine fever genotype II viruses, eastern and central Europe. Emerging infectious diseases 20(9), 1544-1547.
Gallardo, M.C., Reoyo, Adl.T., Fernández-Pinero, J., Iglesias, I., Muñoz, M.J. and Arias, M.L. 2015. African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge. Porcine Health Management 1(21), 1-14.
Ghosh, S., Bansal, G.C., Gupta, S.C., Ray, D., Khan, M.Q., Irshad, H., Shahiduzzaman, M., Seitzer, U. and Ahmed, J.S. 2007. Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitology Research 101(2), 207-216.
Guinat, C., Gogin, A., Blome, S., Keil, G., Pollin, R., Pfeiffer, D.U. and Dixon, L. 2016. Transmission routes of African swine fever virus to domestic pigs: current knowledge and future research directions. The Veterinary record 178(11), 262-267.
Guinat, C., Vergne, T., Jurado-Diaz, C., Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M., Dixon, L. and Pfeiffer, D.U. 2017. Effectiveness and practicality of control strategies for African swine fever: what do we really know? The Veterinary record 180(4), 97.
Gulenkin, V.M., Korennoy, F.I., Karaulov, A.K. and Dudnikov, S.A. 2011. Cartographical analysis of African swine fever outbreaks in the territory of the Russian Federation and computer modeling of the basic reproduction ratio. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 102(3), 167-174.
Hernáez, B., Guerra, M., Salas, M.L. and Andrés, G. 2016. African Swine Fever Virus Undergoes Outer Envelope Disruption, Capsid Disassembly and Inner Envelope Fusion before Core Release from Multivesicular Endosomes. PLoS pathogens 12(4), 1-32.
Howey, E.B., O’Donnell, V., de Carvalho Ferreira, H.C., Borca, M.V., Arzt, J. 2013. Pathogenesis of highly virulent African swine fever virus in domestic pigs exposed via intraoropharyngeal, intranasopharyngeal, and intramuscular inoculation, and by direct contact with infected pigs. Virus research, 178(2), 328-339.
Iglesias, I., Rodríguez, A., Feliziani, F., Rolesu, S. and De la Torrre, A. 2015. Spatio-temporal Analysis of African Swine Fever in Sardinia (2012-2014): Trends in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 64(2), 656-662.
Manzano-Román, R., Díaz-Martín, V., de la Fuente, J. and Pérez-Sánchez, R. 2012. Soft ticks as pathogen vectors: distribution, surveillance and control. Parasitology 7,125-162.
McKercher, P.D., Hess W.R., Hamdy F.1978. Residual viruses in pork products. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 35(1), 142-145.
Mebus, C., Arias, M., Pineda, J. M., Tapiador, J., House, C., Sanchez-Vizcaino, J. M. 1997. Survival of several porcine viruses in different Spanish dry-cured meat products. Food Chemistry 59(4), 555-559.
OIE. 2012. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.
Quembo, C.J., Jori, F., Vosloo, W. and Heath, L. 2018. Genetic characterization of African swine fever virus isolates from soft ticks at the wildlife/domestic interface in Mozambique and identification of a novel genotype. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 65(2), 420-431.
Revilla, Y., Pérez-Núñez, D. and Richt, J.A. 2018. Chapter Three - African Swine Fever Virus Biology and Vaccine Approaches. Advances in Virus Research (100), 41-74.
Rowlands, R.J., Michaud, V., Heath, L., Hutchings, G., Oura, C., Vosloo, W., Dwarka, R., Onashvili, T., Albina, E. and Dixon, L.K. 2008. African swine fever virus isolate, Georgia. Emerging infectious diseases 14, 1870–1874.
Sánchez-Cordón, P.J., Montoya, M., Reis, A.L. and Dixon, L.K. 2018. African swine fever: A re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry. The Veterinary Journal 233, 41-48.
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M., Mur, L., Gomez-Villamandos, J.C. and Carrasco, L. 2015. An Update on the Epidemiology and Pathology of African Swine Fever. Journal of Comparative Pathology 152(1), 9-21.
Thomson, G. 1985. The epidemiology of African swine fever: the role of free-living hosts in Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 52, 201-209.
Zhao, D., Liu, R., Zhang, X., Li, F., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Wu, X., Guan, Y., Chen, W., Wang, X., He, X. and Bu Z. 2019. Replication and virulence in pigs of the first African swine fever virus isolated in China. Emerging Microbes & Infections 8(1), 438-447.