Epidemiology of Q fever in ruminants in the north-east and the north region of Thailand, 2012 to 2013
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Published:
Jul 20, 2018
Keywords:
Q fever Ruminants North-east region North region Thailand
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the Q fever status in ruminants especially in the North-East and the North regions of Thailand.
Material and methods: From 2012 to 2013, 1044 placentas were collected from cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, and wildlife ruminants from both regions by convenience sampling. Macroscopic examination was initially done, and followed by the extraction of DNA from the placentas. DNA of the placenta samples were identified for Coxiella burnetii by the real-time PCR technique targeting the IS1111 gene.
Results: All samples had no gross lesions. In total samples 76.63% (800/1044) were PCR positive with in the North-East 76.19% (685/899), and the North 79.31% (115/145).
Conclusion: This study indicated that the placentas, collected from ruminants in the North-East and the North, had positive results of C. burnetii by real-time PCR, with none of abortions. The high percentage of positive results might because of contamination from the bedding, manure, and environment. Further studies, the immunohistochemistry technique should be performed to definitively identify infected placentas.
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Research articles
References
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van der Hoek, W., Dijkstra, F., Schimmer, B., Schneeberger, P.M., Vellema, P., Wijkmans, C., ter Schegget, R., Hackert, V., van Duynhoven, Y., 2010. Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 15.
Watt, G., Pachirat, O., Baggett, H.C., Maloney, S.A., Lulitanond, V., Raoult, D., Bhengsri, S., Thamthitiwat, S., Paupairoj, A., Kosoy, M., Ud-Ai, N., Sukwicha, W., Whistler, T., Fournier, P.E., 2014. Infective endocarditis in northeastern Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 20, 473-476.
Whitney, E.A., Massung, R.F., Candee, A.J., Ailes, E.C., Myers, L.M., Patterson, N.E., Berkelman, R.L., 2009. Seroepidemiologic and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii antibodies among US veterinarians. Clin Infect Dis 48, 550-557.
Whitney, E.A., Massung, R.F., Kersh, G.J., Fitzpatrick, K.A., Mook, D.M., Taylor, D.K., Huerkamp, M.J., Vakili, J.C., Sullivan, P.J., Berkelman, R.L., 2013. Survey of laboratory animal technicians in the United States for Coxiella burnetii antibodies and exploration of risk factors for exposure. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS 52, 725-731.
Woldehiwet, Z., 2004. Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis. Research in Veterinary Science 77, 93-100.
Angelakis, E., Raoult, D., 2010. Q Fever. Vet Microbiol 140, 297-309.
Christensen, D.R., Hartman, L.J., Loveless, B.M., Frye, M.S., Shipley, M.A., Bridge, D.L., Richards, M.J., Kaplan, R.S., Garrison, J., Baldwin, C.D., Kulesh, D.A., Norwood, D.A., 2006. Detection of Biological Threat Agents by Real-Time PCR: Comparison of Assay Performance on the R.A.P.I.D., the LightCycler, and the Smart Cycler Platforms. Clinical chemistry 52, 141.
DLD 2011a. Data of beef cow farmers by regional livestock, budget year 2011, center, I.a.c.t., ed. (Department of livestock development).
DLD 2011b. Data of buffalo and pig farmers by regional livestock, budget year 2011 (Information and communication technology center).
DLD 2011c. Data of dairy cow farmers by regional livestock, budget year 2011 (Information and communication technology center).
DLD 2011d. Data of goat and sheep farmers by regional livestock, budget year 2011 (Information and communication technology center).
Doung-ngern, P., Chuxnum, T., Pangjai, D., Opaschaitat, P., Kittiwan, N., Rodtian, P., Buameetoop, N., Kersh, G.J., Padungtod, P., 2017. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii Antibodies among Ruminants and Occupationally Exposed People in Thailand, 2012–2013. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, -.
Georgiev, M., Afonso, A., Neubauer, H., Needham, H., Thiery, R., Rodolakis, A., Roest, H., Stark, K., Stegeman, J., Vellema, P., van der Hoek, W., More, S., 2013. Q fever in humans and farm animals in four European countries, 1982 to 2010. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 18.
Kersh, G.J., Wolfe, T.M., Fitzpatrick, K.A., Candee, A.J., Oliver, L.D., Patterson, N.E., Self, J.S., Priestley, R.A., Loftis, A.D., Massung, R.F., 2010. Presence of Coxiella burnetii DNA in the environment of the United States, 2006 to 2008. Applied and environmental microbiology 76, 4469-4475.
Nielsen, S.Y., Molbak, K., Nybo Andersen, A.M., Brink Henriksen, T., Kantso, B., Krogfelt, K.A., Hjollund, N.H., 2013. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in women exposed to livestock animals, Denmark, 1996 to 2002. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 18.
OIE 2010. Q fever. In OIE terrestrial manual 2010, 1-13.
OIE. 2016. Q fever, In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animal 2016. https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.01.16_Q_FEVER.pdf, 1-15.
Ormsbee, R., Peacock, M., Gerloff, R., Tallent, G., Wike, D., 1978. Limits of rickettsial infectivity. Infection and immunity 19, 239-245.
Pachirat, O., Fournier, P.E., Pussadhamma, B., Taksinachanekij, S., Lulitanond, V., Baggett, H.C., Thamthitiwat, S., Watt, G., Raoult, D., Maloney, S.A., 2012. The first reported cases of Q fever endocarditis in Thailand. Infectious disease reports 4, e7.
Paul, S., Agger, J.F., Markussen, B., Christoffersen, A.B., Agerholm, J.S., 2012. Factors associated with Coxiella burnetii antibody positivity in Danish dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 107, 57-64.
Porter, S.R., Czaplicki, G., Mainil, J., Horii, Y., Misawa, N., Saegerman, C., 2011. Q fever in Japan: an update review. Vet Microbiol 149, 298-306.
Rai, S.B., F, K., TS, C., CK, Y., 2011. First documented zoonotic case of Q fever in Penang, Malaysia. Outbreak, Surveillance and Investigation Reports 4, 1-5.
Reichel, R., Mearns, R., Brunton, L., Jones, R., Horigan, M., Vipond, R., Vincent, G., Evans, S., 2012. Description of a Coxiella burnetii abortion outbreak in a dairy goat herd, and associated serology, PCR and genotyping results. Res Vet Sci 93, 1217-1224.
Rodolakis, A., 2006. Q fever, state of art: Epidemiology, diagnosis and prophylaxis. Small Ruminant Research 62, 121-124.
Roest, H.J., van Gelderen, B., Dinkla, A., Frangoulidis, D., van Zijderveld, F., Rebel, J., van Keulen, L., 2012. Q fever in pregnant goats: pathogenesis and excretion of Coxiella burnetii. PloS one 7, e48949.
Suputtamongkol, Y., Rolain, J.-M., Losuwanaruk, K., Niwatayakul, K., Suthinont, C., Chierakul, W., Pimda, K., Raoult, D., 2003. Q Fever in Thailand. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9, 1186-1188.
Taurel, A.-F., Guatteo, R., Joly, A., Seegers, H., Beaudeau, F., 2011. Seroprevalence of Q fever in naturally infected dairy cattle herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 101, 51-57.
van der Hoek, W., Dijkstra, F., Schimmer, B., Schneeberger, P.M., Vellema, P., Wijkmans, C., ter Schegget, R., Hackert, V., van Duynhoven, Y., 2010. Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 15.
Watt, G., Pachirat, O., Baggett, H.C., Maloney, S.A., Lulitanond, V., Raoult, D., Bhengsri, S., Thamthitiwat, S., Paupairoj, A., Kosoy, M., Ud-Ai, N., Sukwicha, W., Whistler, T., Fournier, P.E., 2014. Infective endocarditis in northeastern Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 20, 473-476.
Whitney, E.A., Massung, R.F., Candee, A.J., Ailes, E.C., Myers, L.M., Patterson, N.E., Berkelman, R.L., 2009. Seroepidemiologic and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii antibodies among US veterinarians. Clin Infect Dis 48, 550-557.
Whitney, E.A., Massung, R.F., Kersh, G.J., Fitzpatrick, K.A., Mook, D.M., Taylor, D.K., Huerkamp, M.J., Vakili, J.C., Sullivan, P.J., Berkelman, R.L., 2013. Survey of laboratory animal technicians in the United States for Coxiella burnetii antibodies and exploration of risk factors for exposure. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS 52, 725-731.
Woldehiwet, Z., 2004. Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis. Research in Veterinary Science 77, 93-100.