Detection of colistin resistance and mcr-1 gene in Salmonella isolated from feces of poultry in western Thailand during 2013-2016
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Abstract
Objective - This study was conducted to detect colistin resistance and mcr-1 gene in Salmonella isolated from feces of poultry in western Thailand during 2013-2016, to report the situation and trend of colistin resistance in livestock.
Materials and methods - A total of 667 Salmonella isolates in 2013 (N=166), 2014 (N=242), 2015 (N=132) and 2016 (N=127) were isolated from feces of 86 breeders, 523 broilers, 48 laying hens and 10 ducks. Colistin susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution and the detection of mcr-1 gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction.
Results - Overall, 5.1% (34/667) of Salmonella isolates were resistant to colistin with MIC ³4 µg/ml and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range was 0.25->256 µg/ml, while the MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 1 µg/ml. The isolates which detected in 2013 and 2014 were resistant to colistin at the low level 2.4% (4/166) and 0.4% (1/242), while in 2015 was still at the low level but the proportion rising to 9.8% (13/132) and in 2016 increased to moderate level at 12.6% (16/127). Rates of colistin resistance at 5.0% (26/523) and 16.7% (8/48) were detected exclusively in Salmonella isolated from feces of broilers and laying hens, with the MIC range 0.25->256 µg/ml. The MIC50 and MIC90 of the isolates from broilers were 0.5 and 1 µg/ml, while the isolates from laying hens were 1 and 8 µg/ml. All isolates from breeders and ducks were not resistant to colistin, with the MIC range 0.25-1 µg/ml. MIC values of the isolates from breeders were detected at the same level 1 µg/ml, while the isolates from ducks were 0.5 and 1 µg/ml. Detection for the presence of the mcr-1 gene was found at 0.15% (1/667) in Salmonella Give that isolated from feces of broilers in 2013, which the phenotypic resistance has the MIC level of 8 µg/ml.
Conclusion - The low to moderate level of colistin resistance in Salmonella isolated from feces of poultry in western region during 2013-2016 have been observed, while detection of colistin resistance mcr-1 gene was found in only one isolate. Nevertheless, prospective screening continuously is needed to reveal the current spread of colistin resistance and mcr-1 gene in bacterial populations in animal sources and monitoring distribution from animals to humans.
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