Factors Associated with Survivals in 24 Hours of Trauma Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lower Northern Thailand
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Abstract
This study aimed to explore factors influencing the survival of trauma patients within the first 24 hours after injury. Our participants were trauma patients over 20 years old receiving medical treatment at a tertiary care hospital in lower northern Thailand from January 2021 to December 2022. The researcher collected data from electronic medical records of trauma patients using predetermined ICD-10 to identify patients who met the study inclusion criteria. Simple randomization was conducted among the eligible patients to obtain a sample of 220 patients. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests.
The study found that out of 220 patients, 182 (82.73%) survived, whereas 38 (17.27%) died. The results indicated several significant factors p-value < .05 associated with the participants’ survivorship. These factors included age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Glasgow coma score, Injury severity score, Revise trauma score, Body temperature, Blood lactate, Base deficit, Partial thromboplastin time, Prothrombin time, International normalized ratio, Platelet count, Hematocrit, Blood transfusion, and receiving total intravenous resuscitation. Our findings suggest nurses providing care for trauma patients within the first 24 hours after injury should monitor for changes in body temperature control, correction of acid-base status, coagulopathy management, blood transfusion, and intravenous resuscitation, as these factors could indicate the patient's survivorship. The findings from this study also highlight the importance of healthcare system policy to improve the guidelines and education for first responders who are at the frontline taking care of trauma patients regarding factors associated with their first 24-hour survivorship.
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