The Focused Review on Clinical and Neuroimaging of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Keywords:
Cerebral small vessel disease, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Deep perforating arteriopathy, Neuroimaging markersAbstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a frequently occurring condition that is associated with the ageing process. It can manifest as stroke, decline in cognition, neurobehavioural symptoms, or age-related functional disability. 20% to 30% of ischaemic strokes and approximately 80% of non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are caused by sporadic CSVD, which is deep perforator arteriopathy, also called sporadic non-amyloid microangiopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, type 1 and 2 CSVD, respectively, are the most prevalent forms. In clinical practice, it is crucial to establish an accurate diagnosis regarding underlying aetiopathogenic mechanisms of CSVD, which point and guide to appropriate prevention and management. The emergence of additional magnetic resonance markers significantly provides clinically useful, noninvasive classification and diagnosis criteria for particular CSVD or ICH subtypes, specifically of the two main CSVDs, including their combination. Understanding this knowledge will help identify possible targets for intervention and improve the accuracy of risk prediction for those affected by CSVD. This article aimed to provide a brief and concise review of clinical and neuroimaging markers of CSVD, which have recently progressed and implemented this knowledge in clinical practice as a comprehensive care for individuals affected by this particular type of cerebrovascular disease.
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