Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases
Abstract
การแพร่กระจายของโรคมะเร็งมาที่กระดูกพบได้บ่อยเป็นอันดับสามรองจากการแพร่กระจายไปยังปอดและตับ โดย กระดูกสันหลังเป็นบริเวณที่พบได้บ่อยที่สุด เนื่องจากมีเส้นทางการแพร่กระจาย หลายทิศทางผ่านระบบหลอดเลือดแดง ระบบหลอดเลือดดํา และระบบทางเดินนํ้าเหลือง รวมทั้งมีสิ่งแวดล้อมภายในไขกระดูกที่เหมาะกับการเจริญเติบโตของ เซลล์มะเร็งตามทฤษฎี “seed and soil” theory (1) จากการศึกษาพบว่ามีการกระจายของโรคมะเร็งมายังกระดูกสันหลัง ในผู้ป่วยโรคมะเร็งทั้งหมดสูงถึง 30%-90% ซึ่งพบความผิดปกติทางระบบประสาทร่วมด้วยได้ประมาณ 5%-30% อันเนื่อง มาจากหลายสาเหตุ เช่น เส้นประสาทไขสันหลังถูกกดทับ ความไม่มั่นคงหรือผิดรูปของกระดูกสันหลัง กระดูกสันหลังหัก ยุบ หรือความผิดปกติของเส้นเลือดที่มาเลี้ยงไขสันหลัง (vascular incompetence) เช่น การบวมจากเลือดคั่ง (edema due to venous congestion) หรือการขาดเลือดจากภาวะเส้นเลือดแดงอุดตัน (cord ischemia by arterial embolism) เป็นต้น (2)
References
Kakhki VR, Anvari K, Sadeghi R, Mahmoudian AS, Torabian-Kakhki M. Pattern and distribution of bone metastases in common malignant tumors. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2013;16:66-9.
Lee CS JC. Metastatic spinal tumor. Asian Spine Journal. 2012;6:71-87.
Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Toriyama S, Kawano H, Ohsaka S. Scoring System for the Preoperative Evaluation of Metastatic Spine Tumor Prognosis. Spine. 1990;15:1110-3.
Laufer I, Rubin DG, Lis E, Cox BW, Stubblefield MD, Yamada Y, et al. The NOMS framework: approach to the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors. Oncologist. 2013;18:744-51.
Bilsky MH, Laufer I, Fourney DR, Groff M, Schmidt MH, Varga PP, et al. Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;13:324-8.
Ryu S, Rock J, Jain R, Lu M, Anderson J, Jin JY, et al. Radiosurgical decompression of metastatic epidural compression. Cancer. 2010;116:2250-7.
Fisher CG, DiPaola CP, Ryken TC, Bilsky MH, Shaffrey CI, Berven SH, et al. A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease: an evidence-based approach and expert consensus from the Spine Oncology Study Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35:E1221-9.
Fourney DR, Frangou EM, Ryken TC, Dipaola CP, Shaffrey CI, Berven SH, et al. Spinal instability neoplastic score: an analysis of reliability and validity from the spine oncology study group. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:3072-7.
Bauer H WR. Survival after surgery for spinal and extremity metastases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1995;66:143-6.
Wibmer C, Leithner A, Hofmann G, Clar H, Kapitan M, Berghold A, et al. Survival analysis of 254 patients after manifestation of spinal metastases: evaluation of seven preoperative scoring systems. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36:1977-86.
Leithner A, Radl R, Gruber G, Hochegger M, Leithner K, Welkerling H, et al. Predictive value of seven preoperative prognostic scoring systems for spinal metastases. Eur Spine J. 2008;17:1488-95.
Tomita K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi T, Yoshida A, Murakami H, Akamaru T. Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26:298-306.
Arana E1 MKF, Royuela A3, Asenjo B4, Pérez-Ramírez Ú5, Zamora J6; Spanish Back Pain Research Network Task Force for the improvement of inter-disciplinary management of spinal metastasis. Agreement in the assessment of metastatic spine disease using scoring systems. . Radiother Oncol 2015:pii: S0167-8140(15)00155-3. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.03.016. [Epub ahead of print].
Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Oda H, Oshima M, Ryu J. A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30:2186-91.
Wang M, Bunger CE, Li HS, Wu CS, Hoy K, Niedermann B, et al. Predictive Value of Tokuhashi Scoring Systems in Spinal Metastases, Focusing on Various Primary Tumor Groups Evaluation of 448 Patients in the Aarhus Spinal Metastases Database. Spine. 2012;37:573-82.
Asdourian P. Metastatic disease of the spine. The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. 2nd ed. Bridwell KH DR, editor. Philaderphia, PA: Lippincott–Raven Publishers; 1997: 2007-50.
Lutz S, Berk L, Chang E, Chow E, Hahn C, Hoskin P, et al. Palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: an ASTRO evidence-based guideline. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;79:965-76.
Wu JS, Wong R, Johnston M, Bezjak A, Whelan T, Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative Supportive Care G. Meta-analysis of dose-fractionation radiotherapy trials for the palliation of painful bone metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:594-605.
Sze WM SM, Held I, Mason M. Palliation of metastatic bone pain: single fraction versus multifraction radiotherapy - a systematic review of the randomised trials. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(2):CD004721.
Rades D, Stalpers LJ, Veninga T, Schulte R, Hoskin PJ, Obralic N, et al. Evaluation of five radiation schedules and prognostic factors for metastatic spinal cord compression. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3366-75.
Hartsell WF, Scott CB, Bruner DW, Scarantino CW, Ivker RA, Roach M, 3rd, et al. Randomized trial of short- versus long-course radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:798-804.
Souchon R, Wenz F, Sedlmayer F, Budach W, Dunst J, Feyer P, et al. DEGRO practice guidelines for palliative radiotherapy of metastatic breast cancer: bone metastases and metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Strahlenther Onkol. 2009;185:417-24.
Lo SS LS, Chang EL, Galanopoulos N, Howell DD, Kim EY, Konski AA, Pandit-Taskar ND, Rose PS, Ryu S, Silverman LN, Sloan AE, Van Poznak C. ACR Appropriateness Criteria (R) spinal bone metastases. J Palliat Med. 2013;16:9-19.
Brown JM CD, Brenner DJ. The tumor radiobiology of SRS and SBRT: are more than the 5 Rs involved? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;88:254-62.
Song CW, Kim MS, Cho LC, Dusenbery K, Sperduto PW. Radiobiological basis of SBRT and SRS. Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19:570-8.
Song CW, Cho LC, Yuan J, Dusenbery KE, Griffin RJ, Levitt SH. Radiobiology of stereotactic body radiation therapy/stereotactic radiosurgery and the linear-quadratic model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;87:18-9.
Kirkpatrick JP1 MJ, Marks LB. The linear-quadratic model is inappropriate to model high dose per fraction effects in radiosurgery. Semin Radiat Oncol 2008;18:240-3.
Yu HH, Hoffe SE. Beyond the conventional role of external-beam radiation therapy for skeletal metastases: new technologies and stereotactic directions. Cancer Control. 2012;19:129-36.
Sahgal A, Larson DA, Chang EL. Stereotactic body radiosurgery for spinal metastases: a critical review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:652-65.
Lutz S, Lo SS, Chow E, Sahgal A, Hoskin P. Radiotherapy for metastatic bone disease: current standards and future prospectus. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10:683-95.
Guckenberger M, Sweeney RA, Flickinger JC, Gerszten PC, Kersh R, Sheehan J, et al. Clinical practice of image-guided spine radiosurgery--results from an international research consortium. Radiat Oncol. 2011;6(1748-717X (Electronic)):172.
Sahgal A, Bilsky M, Chang EL, Ma L, Yamada Y, Rhines LD, et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases: current status, with a focus on its application in the postoperative patient. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;14:151-66.
Sahgal A, Roberge D, Schellenberg D, Purdie TG, Swaminath A, Pantarotto J, et al. The Canadian Association of Radiation Oncology scope of practice guidelines for lung, liver and spine stereotactic body radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2012;24:629-39.
Sohn S, Chung CK. The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in metastasis to the spine. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2012;51:1-7.
Chawla S, Schell MC, Milano MT. Stereotactic body radiation for the spine: a review. Am J Clin Oncol. 2013;36:630-6.
Ejima Y, Matsuo Y, Sasaki R. The current status and future of radiotherapy for spinal bone metastases. J Orthop Sci. 2015(1436-2023 (Electronic)).
Ryu S, Yoon H, Stessin A, Gutman F, Rosiello A, Davis R. Contemporary treatment with radiosurgery for spine metastasis and spinal cord compression in 2015. Radiat Oncol J. 2015;33:1-11.
Park HJ, Kim HJ, Won JH, Lee SC, Chang AR. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Spinal Metastases: Who Will Benefit the Most from SBRT? Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2015;14:159-67.
Gerszten PC ME, Yamada Y. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for metastatic spine disease: what are the options, indications, and outcomes? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;15:S78-92.
Kim H, Rajagopalan MS, Beriwal S, Huq MS, Smith KJ. Cost-effectiveness analysis of single fraction of stereotactic body radiation therapy compared with single fraction of external beam radiation therapy for palliation of vertebral bone metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;91:556-63.
Harel R, Zach L. Spine radiosurgery for spinal metastases: indications, technique and outcome. Neurol Res. 2014;36:550-6.
Hall WA, Stapleford LJ, Hadjipanayis CG, Curran WJ, Crocker I, Shu HK. Stereotactic body radiosurgery for spinal metastatic disease: an evidence-based review. Int J Surg Oncol. 2011;2011(2090-1410 (Electronic)):979214.
Ryu S, Fang Yin F, Rock J, Zhu J, Chu A, Kagan E, et al. Image-guided and intensity-modulated radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastasis. Cancer. 2003;97:2013-8.
Ryu S, Rock J, Rosenblum M, Kim JH. Patterns of failure after single-dose radiosurgery for spinal metastasis. J Neurosurg. 2004;101 Suppl 3(0022-3085 (Print)):402-5.
Yamada Y, Bilsky MH, Lovelock DM, Venkatraman ES, Toner S, Johnson J, et al. High-dose, single-fraction image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for metastatic spinal lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:484-90.
Hamilton AJ, Lulu BA, Fosmire H, Stea B, Cassady JR. Preliminary clinical experience with linear acceleratorbased spinal stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 1995;36:311-9.
Milker-Zabel S, Zabel A, Thilmann C, Schlegel W, Wannenmacher M, Debus J. Clinical results of retreatment of vertebral bone metastases by stereotactic conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:162-7.
Mahan SL, Ramsey CR, Scaperoth DD, Chase DJ, Byrne TE. Evaluation of image-guided helical tomotherapy for the retreatment of spinal metastasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;63:1576-83.
Gerszten PC GA, Burton SA, Welch WC, Ozhasoglu C, Vogel WJ. Combination kyphoplasty and spinal radiosurgery: a new treatment paradigm for pathological fractures. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;3:296-301.
Rock JP, Ryu S, Shukairy MS, Yin FF, Sharif A, Schreiber F, et al. Postoperative radiosurgery for malignant spinal tumors. Neurosurgery. 2006;58:891-8; discussion -8.
Yamada Y, Lovelock DM, Yenice KM, Bilsky MH, Hunt MA, Zatcky J, et al. Multifractionated image-guided and stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy of paraspinal tumors: a preliminary report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62:53-61.
Chang EL, Shiu AS, Mendel E, Mathews LA, Mahajan A, Allen PK, et al. Phase I/II study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastasis and its pattern of failure. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007;7:151-60.
Gerszten PC, Burton SA, Ozhasoglu C, Welch WC. Radiosurgery for spinal metastases: clinical experience in 500 cases from a single institution. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:193-9.
Sahgal A, Chou D, Ames C, Ma L, Chuang C, Lambom K, et al. Proximity of spinous/paraspinous radiosurgery metastatic targets to the spinal cord versus risk of local failure. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2007;69:S243-S.
Ryu S, Jin R, Jin JY, Chen Q, Rock J, Anderson J, et al. Pain control by image-guided radiosurgery for solitary spinal metastasis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35:292-8.
Moulding HD, Elder JB, Lis E, Lovelock DM, Zhang Z, Yamada Y, et al. Local disease control after decompressive surgery and adjuvant high-dose single-fraction radiosurgery for spine metastases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;13:87-93.
Garg AK, Shiu AS, Yang J, Wang XS, Allen P, Brown BW, et al. Phase 1/2 trial of single-session stereotactic body radiotherapy for previously unirradiated spinal metastases. Cancer. 2012;118:5069-77.
Gerszten PC, Burton SA, Ozhasoglu C, Vogel WJ, Welch WC, Baar J, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;3:288-95.
Gerszten PC, Burton SA, Quinn AE, Agarwala SS, Kirkwood JM. Radiosurgery for the treatment of spinal melanoma metastases. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2005;83:213-21.
Chang UK, Cho WI, Lee DH, Kim MS, Cho CK, Lee SY, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for primary and metastatic sarcomas involving the spine. J Neurooncol. 2012;107:551-7.
Maranzano E, Trippa F, Pacchiarini D, Chirico L, Basagni ML, Rossi R, et al. Re-irradiation of brain metastases and metastatic spinal cord compression: clinical practice suggestions. Tumori. 2005;91:325-30.
Nieder C, Grosu AL, Andratschke NH, Molls M. Update of human spinal cord reirradiation tolerance based on additional data from 38 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;66:1446-9.
Gibbs IC, Kamnerdsupaphon P, Ryu MR, Dodd R, Kiernan M, Chang SD, et al. Image-guided robotic radiosurgery for spinal metastases. Radiother Oncol. 2007;82:185-90.
Supe SS, Ganesh KM, Naveen T, Jacob S, Sankar BN. Spinal cord response to altered fractionation and reirradiation: radiobiological considerations and role of bioeffect models. J Cancer Res Ther. 2006;2:105-18.
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, Payne R, Saris S, Kryscio RJ, et al. Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;366:643-8.
Klekamp J, Samii H. Surgical results for spinal metastases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1998;140:957-67.
Itshayek E, Cohen JE, Yamada Y, Gokaslan Z, Polly DW, Rhines LD, et al. Timing of stereotactic radiosurgery and surgery and wound healing in patients with spinal tumors: a systematic review and expert opinions. Neurol Res. 2014;36:510-23.
Itshayek E, Yamada J, Bilsky M, Schmidt M, Shaffrey C, Gerszten P, et al. Timing of surgery and radiotherapy in the management of metastatic spine disease: a systematic review. Int J Oncol. 2010;36:533-44.
Wang X, Yang JN, Li X, Tailor R, Vassilliev O, Brown P, et al. Effect of spine hardware on small spinal stereotactic radiosurgery dosimetry. Phys Med Biol. 2013;58:6733-47.
Laufer I IJ, Chapman T, Lis E, Shi W, Zhang Z, Cox BW, Yamada Y, Bilsky MH. Local disease control for spinal metastases following "separation surgery" and adjuvant hypofractionated or high-dose singlefraction stereotactic radiosurgery: outcome analysis in 186 patients. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;18:207-14.
Santiago FR, Del Mar Castellano Garcia M, Montes JL, Garcia MR, Fernandez JM. Treatment of bone tumours by radiofrequency thermal ablation. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2009;2:43-50.
Gronemeyer DH, Schirp S, Gevargez A. Image-guided radiofrequency ablation of spinal tumors: preliminary experience with an expandable array electrode. Cancer J. 2002;8:33-9.
Deschamps F, Farouil G, Ternes N, Gaudin A, Hakime A, Tselikas L, et al. Thermal ablation techniques: a curative treatment of bone metastases in selected patients? Eur Radiol. 2014;24:1971-80.
Lo SS, Sahgal A, Wang JZ, Mayr NA, Sloan A, Mendel E, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases. Discov Med. 2010;9:289-96.
Li W, Sahgal A, Foote M, Millar BA, Jaffray DA, Letourneau D. Impact of immobilization on intrafraction motion for spine stereotactic body radiotherapy using cone beam computed tomography. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84:520-6.
Patel VB, Wegner RE, Heron DE, Flickinger JC, Gerszten P, Burton SA. Comparison of whole versus partial vertebral body stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2012;11:105-15.
Ryu S, Pugh SL, Gerszten PC, Yin FF, Timmerman RD, Hitchcock YJ, et al. RTOG 0631 phase 2/3 study of image guided stereotactic radiosurgery for localized (1-3) spine metastases: phase 2 results. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2014;4:76-81.
Cox BW, Spratt DE, Lovelock M, Bilsky MH, Lis E, Ryu S, et al. International Spine Radiosurgery Consortium consensus guidelines for target volume definition in spinal stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;83:e597-605.
Nguyen QN, Shiu AS, Rhines LD, Wang H, Allen PK, Wang XS, et al. Management of Spinal Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2010;76:1185-92.
Benedict SH, Yenice KM, Followill D, Galvin JM, Hinson W, Kavanagh B, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy: the report of AAPM Task Group 101. Med Phys. 2010;37:4078-101.
Kirkpatrick JP, van der Kogel AJ, Schultheiss TE. Radiation dose-volume effects in the spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:S42-9.
Sahgal A ML, Gibbs I, Gerszten PC, Ryu S, Soltys S, Weinberg V, Wong S, Chang E, Fowler J, Larson DA. Spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;77:548-53.
Sahgal A, Weinberg V, Ma L, Chang E, Chao S, Muacevic A, et al. Probabilities of radiation myelopathy specific to stereotactic body radiation therapy to guide safe practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;85:341-7.
Nieder C, Grosu AL, Andratschke NH, Molls M. Proposal of human spinal cord reirradiation dose based on collection of data from 40 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61:851-5.
Sahgal A, Ma L, Weinberg V, Gibbs IC, Chao S, Chang UK, et al. Reirradiation human spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;82:107-16.
Gallo JJ, Kaufman I, Powell R, Pandya S, Somnay A, Bossenberger T, et al. Single-fraction spine SBRT end-to-end testing on TomoTherapy, Vero, TrueBeam, and CyberKnife treatment platforms using a novel anthropomorphic phantom. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. 2015;16:170-82.
Hyde D, Lochray F, Korol R, Davidson M, Wong CS, Ma LJ, et al. Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Utilizing Cone-Beam CT Image-Guidance With a Robotic Couch: Intrafraction Motion Analysis Accounting for all Six Degrees of Freedom. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2012;82:E555-E62.
Potters L, Kavanagh B, Galvin JM, Hevezi JM, Janjan NA, Larson DA, et al. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) and American College of Radiology (ACR) practice guideline for the performance of stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:326-32.
Gerszten PC, Sahgal A, Sheehan JP, Kersh R, Chen S, Flickinger JC, et al. A multi-national report on methods for institutional credentialing for spine radiosurgery. Radiat Oncol. 2013;8(1748-717X (Electronic)):158.
Degen JW, Gagnon GJ, Voyadzis JM, McRae DA, Lunsden M, Dieterich S, et al. CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of spinal tumors for pain control and quality of life. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;2:540-9.
Sahgal A, Chou D, Ames C, Ma L, Lamborn K, Huang K, et al. Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiotherapy for benign spinal tumors: theUniversity of California San Francisco preliminary experience. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2007;6:595-604.
Chow E, Ling A, Davis L, Panzarella T, Danjoux C. Pain flare following external beam radiotherapy and meaningful change in pain scores in the treatment of bone metastases. Radiother Oncol. 2005;75:64-9.
Loblaw DA, Wu JS, Kirkbride P, Panzarella T, Smith K, Aslanidis J, et al. Pain flare in patients with bone metastases after palliative radiotherapy--a nested randomized control trial. Support Care Cancer. 2007;15:451-5.
Hird A, Chow E, Zhang L, Wong R, Wu J, Sinclair E, et al. Determining the incidence of pain flare following palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic bone metastases: results from three canadian cancer centers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;75:193-7.
Pan HY, Allen PK, Wang XS, Chang EL, Rhines LD, Tatsui CE, et al. Incidence and predictive factors of pain flare after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy: secondary analysis of phase 1/2 trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;90:870-6.
Chiang A, Zeng L, Zhang L, Lochray F, Korol R, Loblaw A, et al. Pain flare is a common adverse event in steroid-naive patients after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy: a prospective clinical trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;86:638-42.
Chow E, Loblaw A, Harris K, Doyle M, Goh P, Chiu H, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiationinduced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 2007;15:643-7.
Hird A, Zhang L, Holt T, Fairchild A, DeAngelis C, Loblaw A, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic bone metastases: a phase II study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2009;21:329-35.
Wong CS FM, Sahgal A. Pathobiology of radiation myelopathy and strategies to mitigate injury. . Spinal Cord. 2015;doi: 10.1038/sc.2015.43. [Epub ahead of print].
Rades D, Stalpers LJ, Veninga T, Hoskin PJ. Spinal reirradiation after short-course RT for metastatic spinal cord compression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;63:872-5.
Sahgal A, Whyne CM, Ma L, Larson DA, Fehlings MG. Vertebral compression fracture after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:e310-20.
Rose PS, Laufer I, Boland PJ, Hanover A, Bilsky MH, Yamada J, et al. Risk of fracture after single fraction image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy to spinal metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5075-9.
Cunha MV, Al-Omair A, Atenafu EG, Masucci GL, Letourneau D, Korol R, et al. Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT): analysis of predictive factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84:e343-9.
Boehling NS, Grosshans DR, Allen PK, McAleer MF, Burton AW, Azeem S, et al. Vertebral compression fracture risk after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;16:379-86.
Thibault I, Al-Omair A, Masucci GL, Masson-Cote L, Lochray F, Korol R, et al. Spine stereotactic body radiotherapy for renal cell cancer spinal metastases: analysis of outcomes and risk of vertebral compression fracture. J Neurosurg Spine. 2014;21:711-8.
Lee CS JC. Metastatic spinal tumor. Asian Spine Journal. 2012;6:71-87.
Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Toriyama S, Kawano H, Ohsaka S. Scoring System for the Preoperative Evaluation of Metastatic Spine Tumor Prognosis. Spine. 1990;15:1110-3.
Laufer I, Rubin DG, Lis E, Cox BW, Stubblefield MD, Yamada Y, et al. The NOMS framework: approach to the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors. Oncologist. 2013;18:744-51.
Bilsky MH, Laufer I, Fourney DR, Groff M, Schmidt MH, Varga PP, et al. Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;13:324-8.
Ryu S, Rock J, Jain R, Lu M, Anderson J, Jin JY, et al. Radiosurgical decompression of metastatic epidural compression. Cancer. 2010;116:2250-7.
Fisher CG, DiPaola CP, Ryken TC, Bilsky MH, Shaffrey CI, Berven SH, et al. A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease: an evidence-based approach and expert consensus from the Spine Oncology Study Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35:E1221-9.
Fourney DR, Frangou EM, Ryken TC, Dipaola CP, Shaffrey CI, Berven SH, et al. Spinal instability neoplastic score: an analysis of reliability and validity from the spine oncology study group. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:3072-7.
Bauer H WR. Survival after surgery for spinal and extremity metastases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1995;66:143-6.
Wibmer C, Leithner A, Hofmann G, Clar H, Kapitan M, Berghold A, et al. Survival analysis of 254 patients after manifestation of spinal metastases: evaluation of seven preoperative scoring systems. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36:1977-86.
Leithner A, Radl R, Gruber G, Hochegger M, Leithner K, Welkerling H, et al. Predictive value of seven preoperative prognostic scoring systems for spinal metastases. Eur Spine J. 2008;17:1488-95.
Tomita K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi T, Yoshida A, Murakami H, Akamaru T. Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26:298-306.
Arana E1 MKF, Royuela A3, Asenjo B4, Pérez-Ramírez Ú5, Zamora J6; Spanish Back Pain Research Network Task Force for the improvement of inter-disciplinary management of spinal metastasis. Agreement in the assessment of metastatic spine disease using scoring systems. . Radiother Oncol 2015:pii: S0167-8140(15)00155-3. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.03.016. [Epub ahead of print].
Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Oda H, Oshima M, Ryu J. A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30:2186-91.
Wang M, Bunger CE, Li HS, Wu CS, Hoy K, Niedermann B, et al. Predictive Value of Tokuhashi Scoring Systems in Spinal Metastases, Focusing on Various Primary Tumor Groups Evaluation of 448 Patients in the Aarhus Spinal Metastases Database. Spine. 2012;37:573-82.
Asdourian P. Metastatic disease of the spine. The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. 2nd ed. Bridwell KH DR, editor. Philaderphia, PA: Lippincott–Raven Publishers; 1997: 2007-50.
Lutz S, Berk L, Chang E, Chow E, Hahn C, Hoskin P, et al. Palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: an ASTRO evidence-based guideline. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;79:965-76.
Wu JS, Wong R, Johnston M, Bezjak A, Whelan T, Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative Supportive Care G. Meta-analysis of dose-fractionation radiotherapy trials for the palliation of painful bone metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:594-605.
Sze WM SM, Held I, Mason M. Palliation of metastatic bone pain: single fraction versus multifraction radiotherapy - a systematic review of the randomised trials. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(2):CD004721.
Rades D, Stalpers LJ, Veninga T, Schulte R, Hoskin PJ, Obralic N, et al. Evaluation of five radiation schedules and prognostic factors for metastatic spinal cord compression. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3366-75.
Hartsell WF, Scott CB, Bruner DW, Scarantino CW, Ivker RA, Roach M, 3rd, et al. Randomized trial of short- versus long-course radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:798-804.
Souchon R, Wenz F, Sedlmayer F, Budach W, Dunst J, Feyer P, et al. DEGRO practice guidelines for palliative radiotherapy of metastatic breast cancer: bone metastases and metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Strahlenther Onkol. 2009;185:417-24.
Lo SS LS, Chang EL, Galanopoulos N, Howell DD, Kim EY, Konski AA, Pandit-Taskar ND, Rose PS, Ryu S, Silverman LN, Sloan AE, Van Poznak C. ACR Appropriateness Criteria (R) spinal bone metastases. J Palliat Med. 2013;16:9-19.
Brown JM CD, Brenner DJ. The tumor radiobiology of SRS and SBRT: are more than the 5 Rs involved? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;88:254-62.
Song CW, Kim MS, Cho LC, Dusenbery K, Sperduto PW. Radiobiological basis of SBRT and SRS. Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19:570-8.
Song CW, Cho LC, Yuan J, Dusenbery KE, Griffin RJ, Levitt SH. Radiobiology of stereotactic body radiation therapy/stereotactic radiosurgery and the linear-quadratic model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;87:18-9.
Kirkpatrick JP1 MJ, Marks LB. The linear-quadratic model is inappropriate to model high dose per fraction effects in radiosurgery. Semin Radiat Oncol 2008;18:240-3.
Yu HH, Hoffe SE. Beyond the conventional role of external-beam radiation therapy for skeletal metastases: new technologies and stereotactic directions. Cancer Control. 2012;19:129-36.
Sahgal A, Larson DA, Chang EL. Stereotactic body radiosurgery for spinal metastases: a critical review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:652-65.
Lutz S, Lo SS, Chow E, Sahgal A, Hoskin P. Radiotherapy for metastatic bone disease: current standards and future prospectus. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10:683-95.
Guckenberger M, Sweeney RA, Flickinger JC, Gerszten PC, Kersh R, Sheehan J, et al. Clinical practice of image-guided spine radiosurgery--results from an international research consortium. Radiat Oncol. 2011;6(1748-717X (Electronic)):172.
Sahgal A, Bilsky M, Chang EL, Ma L, Yamada Y, Rhines LD, et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases: current status, with a focus on its application in the postoperative patient. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;14:151-66.
Sahgal A, Roberge D, Schellenberg D, Purdie TG, Swaminath A, Pantarotto J, et al. The Canadian Association of Radiation Oncology scope of practice guidelines for lung, liver and spine stereotactic body radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2012;24:629-39.
Sohn S, Chung CK. The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in metastasis to the spine. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2012;51:1-7.
Chawla S, Schell MC, Milano MT. Stereotactic body radiation for the spine: a review. Am J Clin Oncol. 2013;36:630-6.
Ejima Y, Matsuo Y, Sasaki R. The current status and future of radiotherapy for spinal bone metastases. J Orthop Sci. 2015(1436-2023 (Electronic)).
Ryu S, Yoon H, Stessin A, Gutman F, Rosiello A, Davis R. Contemporary treatment with radiosurgery for spine metastasis and spinal cord compression in 2015. Radiat Oncol J. 2015;33:1-11.
Park HJ, Kim HJ, Won JH, Lee SC, Chang AR. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Spinal Metastases: Who Will Benefit the Most from SBRT? Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2015;14:159-67.
Gerszten PC ME, Yamada Y. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for metastatic spine disease: what are the options, indications, and outcomes? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;15:S78-92.
Kim H, Rajagopalan MS, Beriwal S, Huq MS, Smith KJ. Cost-effectiveness analysis of single fraction of stereotactic body radiation therapy compared with single fraction of external beam radiation therapy for palliation of vertebral bone metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;91:556-63.
Harel R, Zach L. Spine radiosurgery for spinal metastases: indications, technique and outcome. Neurol Res. 2014;36:550-6.
Hall WA, Stapleford LJ, Hadjipanayis CG, Curran WJ, Crocker I, Shu HK. Stereotactic body radiosurgery for spinal metastatic disease: an evidence-based review. Int J Surg Oncol. 2011;2011(2090-1410 (Electronic)):979214.
Ryu S, Fang Yin F, Rock J, Zhu J, Chu A, Kagan E, et al. Image-guided and intensity-modulated radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastasis. Cancer. 2003;97:2013-8.
Ryu S, Rock J, Rosenblum M, Kim JH. Patterns of failure after single-dose radiosurgery for spinal metastasis. J Neurosurg. 2004;101 Suppl 3(0022-3085 (Print)):402-5.
Yamada Y, Bilsky MH, Lovelock DM, Venkatraman ES, Toner S, Johnson J, et al. High-dose, single-fraction image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for metastatic spinal lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:484-90.
Hamilton AJ, Lulu BA, Fosmire H, Stea B, Cassady JR. Preliminary clinical experience with linear acceleratorbased spinal stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 1995;36:311-9.
Milker-Zabel S, Zabel A, Thilmann C, Schlegel W, Wannenmacher M, Debus J. Clinical results of retreatment of vertebral bone metastases by stereotactic conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:162-7.
Mahan SL, Ramsey CR, Scaperoth DD, Chase DJ, Byrne TE. Evaluation of image-guided helical tomotherapy for the retreatment of spinal metastasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;63:1576-83.
Gerszten PC GA, Burton SA, Welch WC, Ozhasoglu C, Vogel WJ. Combination kyphoplasty and spinal radiosurgery: a new treatment paradigm for pathological fractures. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;3:296-301.
Rock JP, Ryu S, Shukairy MS, Yin FF, Sharif A, Schreiber F, et al. Postoperative radiosurgery for malignant spinal tumors. Neurosurgery. 2006;58:891-8; discussion -8.
Yamada Y, Lovelock DM, Yenice KM, Bilsky MH, Hunt MA, Zatcky J, et al. Multifractionated image-guided and stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy of paraspinal tumors: a preliminary report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62:53-61.
Chang EL, Shiu AS, Mendel E, Mathews LA, Mahajan A, Allen PK, et al. Phase I/II study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastasis and its pattern of failure. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007;7:151-60.
Gerszten PC, Burton SA, Ozhasoglu C, Welch WC. Radiosurgery for spinal metastases: clinical experience in 500 cases from a single institution. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:193-9.
Sahgal A, Chou D, Ames C, Ma L, Chuang C, Lambom K, et al. Proximity of spinous/paraspinous radiosurgery metastatic targets to the spinal cord versus risk of local failure. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2007;69:S243-S.
Ryu S, Jin R, Jin JY, Chen Q, Rock J, Anderson J, et al. Pain control by image-guided radiosurgery for solitary spinal metastasis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35:292-8.
Moulding HD, Elder JB, Lis E, Lovelock DM, Zhang Z, Yamada Y, et al. Local disease control after decompressive surgery and adjuvant high-dose single-fraction radiosurgery for spine metastases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;13:87-93.
Garg AK, Shiu AS, Yang J, Wang XS, Allen P, Brown BW, et al. Phase 1/2 trial of single-session stereotactic body radiotherapy for previously unirradiated spinal metastases. Cancer. 2012;118:5069-77.
Gerszten PC, Burton SA, Ozhasoglu C, Vogel WJ, Welch WC, Baar J, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;3:288-95.
Gerszten PC, Burton SA, Quinn AE, Agarwala SS, Kirkwood JM. Radiosurgery for the treatment of spinal melanoma metastases. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2005;83:213-21.
Chang UK, Cho WI, Lee DH, Kim MS, Cho CK, Lee SY, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for primary and metastatic sarcomas involving the spine. J Neurooncol. 2012;107:551-7.
Maranzano E, Trippa F, Pacchiarini D, Chirico L, Basagni ML, Rossi R, et al. Re-irradiation of brain metastases and metastatic spinal cord compression: clinical practice suggestions. Tumori. 2005;91:325-30.
Nieder C, Grosu AL, Andratschke NH, Molls M. Update of human spinal cord reirradiation tolerance based on additional data from 38 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;66:1446-9.
Gibbs IC, Kamnerdsupaphon P, Ryu MR, Dodd R, Kiernan M, Chang SD, et al. Image-guided robotic radiosurgery for spinal metastases. Radiother Oncol. 2007;82:185-90.
Supe SS, Ganesh KM, Naveen T, Jacob S, Sankar BN. Spinal cord response to altered fractionation and reirradiation: radiobiological considerations and role of bioeffect models. J Cancer Res Ther. 2006;2:105-18.
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, Payne R, Saris S, Kryscio RJ, et al. Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;366:643-8.
Klekamp J, Samii H. Surgical results for spinal metastases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1998;140:957-67.
Itshayek E, Cohen JE, Yamada Y, Gokaslan Z, Polly DW, Rhines LD, et al. Timing of stereotactic radiosurgery and surgery and wound healing in patients with spinal tumors: a systematic review and expert opinions. Neurol Res. 2014;36:510-23.
Itshayek E, Yamada J, Bilsky M, Schmidt M, Shaffrey C, Gerszten P, et al. Timing of surgery and radiotherapy in the management of metastatic spine disease: a systematic review. Int J Oncol. 2010;36:533-44.
Wang X, Yang JN, Li X, Tailor R, Vassilliev O, Brown P, et al. Effect of spine hardware on small spinal stereotactic radiosurgery dosimetry. Phys Med Biol. 2013;58:6733-47.
Laufer I IJ, Chapman T, Lis E, Shi W, Zhang Z, Cox BW, Yamada Y, Bilsky MH. Local disease control for spinal metastases following "separation surgery" and adjuvant hypofractionated or high-dose singlefraction stereotactic radiosurgery: outcome analysis in 186 patients. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;18:207-14.
Santiago FR, Del Mar Castellano Garcia M, Montes JL, Garcia MR, Fernandez JM. Treatment of bone tumours by radiofrequency thermal ablation. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2009;2:43-50.
Gronemeyer DH, Schirp S, Gevargez A. Image-guided radiofrequency ablation of spinal tumors: preliminary experience with an expandable array electrode. Cancer J. 2002;8:33-9.
Deschamps F, Farouil G, Ternes N, Gaudin A, Hakime A, Tselikas L, et al. Thermal ablation techniques: a curative treatment of bone metastases in selected patients? Eur Radiol. 2014;24:1971-80.
Lo SS, Sahgal A, Wang JZ, Mayr NA, Sloan A, Mendel E, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases. Discov Med. 2010;9:289-96.
Li W, Sahgal A, Foote M, Millar BA, Jaffray DA, Letourneau D. Impact of immobilization on intrafraction motion for spine stereotactic body radiotherapy using cone beam computed tomography. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84:520-6.
Patel VB, Wegner RE, Heron DE, Flickinger JC, Gerszten P, Burton SA. Comparison of whole versus partial vertebral body stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2012;11:105-15.
Ryu S, Pugh SL, Gerszten PC, Yin FF, Timmerman RD, Hitchcock YJ, et al. RTOG 0631 phase 2/3 study of image guided stereotactic radiosurgery for localized (1-3) spine metastases: phase 2 results. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2014;4:76-81.
Cox BW, Spratt DE, Lovelock M, Bilsky MH, Lis E, Ryu S, et al. International Spine Radiosurgery Consortium consensus guidelines for target volume definition in spinal stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;83:e597-605.
Nguyen QN, Shiu AS, Rhines LD, Wang H, Allen PK, Wang XS, et al. Management of Spinal Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2010;76:1185-92.
Benedict SH, Yenice KM, Followill D, Galvin JM, Hinson W, Kavanagh B, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy: the report of AAPM Task Group 101. Med Phys. 2010;37:4078-101.
Kirkpatrick JP, van der Kogel AJ, Schultheiss TE. Radiation dose-volume effects in the spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:S42-9.
Sahgal A ML, Gibbs I, Gerszten PC, Ryu S, Soltys S, Weinberg V, Wong S, Chang E, Fowler J, Larson DA. Spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;77:548-53.
Sahgal A, Weinberg V, Ma L, Chang E, Chao S, Muacevic A, et al. Probabilities of radiation myelopathy specific to stereotactic body radiation therapy to guide safe practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;85:341-7.
Nieder C, Grosu AL, Andratschke NH, Molls M. Proposal of human spinal cord reirradiation dose based on collection of data from 40 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61:851-5.
Sahgal A, Ma L, Weinberg V, Gibbs IC, Chao S, Chang UK, et al. Reirradiation human spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;82:107-16.
Gallo JJ, Kaufman I, Powell R, Pandya S, Somnay A, Bossenberger T, et al. Single-fraction spine SBRT end-to-end testing on TomoTherapy, Vero, TrueBeam, and CyberKnife treatment platforms using a novel anthropomorphic phantom. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. 2015;16:170-82.
Hyde D, Lochray F, Korol R, Davidson M, Wong CS, Ma LJ, et al. Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Utilizing Cone-Beam CT Image-Guidance With a Robotic Couch: Intrafraction Motion Analysis Accounting for all Six Degrees of Freedom. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2012;82:E555-E62.
Potters L, Kavanagh B, Galvin JM, Hevezi JM, Janjan NA, Larson DA, et al. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) and American College of Radiology (ACR) practice guideline for the performance of stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:326-32.
Gerszten PC, Sahgal A, Sheehan JP, Kersh R, Chen S, Flickinger JC, et al. A multi-national report on methods for institutional credentialing for spine radiosurgery. Radiat Oncol. 2013;8(1748-717X (Electronic)):158.
Degen JW, Gagnon GJ, Voyadzis JM, McRae DA, Lunsden M, Dieterich S, et al. CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of spinal tumors for pain control and quality of life. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;2:540-9.
Sahgal A, Chou D, Ames C, Ma L, Lamborn K, Huang K, et al. Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiotherapy for benign spinal tumors: theUniversity of California San Francisco preliminary experience. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2007;6:595-604.
Chow E, Ling A, Davis L, Panzarella T, Danjoux C. Pain flare following external beam radiotherapy and meaningful change in pain scores in the treatment of bone metastases. Radiother Oncol. 2005;75:64-9.
Loblaw DA, Wu JS, Kirkbride P, Panzarella T, Smith K, Aslanidis J, et al. Pain flare in patients with bone metastases after palliative radiotherapy--a nested randomized control trial. Support Care Cancer. 2007;15:451-5.
Hird A, Chow E, Zhang L, Wong R, Wu J, Sinclair E, et al. Determining the incidence of pain flare following palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic bone metastases: results from three canadian cancer centers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;75:193-7.
Pan HY, Allen PK, Wang XS, Chang EL, Rhines LD, Tatsui CE, et al. Incidence and predictive factors of pain flare after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy: secondary analysis of phase 1/2 trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;90:870-6.
Chiang A, Zeng L, Zhang L, Lochray F, Korol R, Loblaw A, et al. Pain flare is a common adverse event in steroid-naive patients after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy: a prospective clinical trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;86:638-42.
Chow E, Loblaw A, Harris K, Doyle M, Goh P, Chiu H, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiationinduced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 2007;15:643-7.
Hird A, Zhang L, Holt T, Fairchild A, DeAngelis C, Loblaw A, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic bone metastases: a phase II study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2009;21:329-35.
Wong CS FM, Sahgal A. Pathobiology of radiation myelopathy and strategies to mitigate injury. . Spinal Cord. 2015;doi: 10.1038/sc.2015.43. [Epub ahead of print].
Rades D, Stalpers LJ, Veninga T, Hoskin PJ. Spinal reirradiation after short-course RT for metastatic spinal cord compression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;63:872-5.
Sahgal A, Whyne CM, Ma L, Larson DA, Fehlings MG. Vertebral compression fracture after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:e310-20.
Rose PS, Laufer I, Boland PJ, Hanover A, Bilsky MH, Yamada J, et al. Risk of fracture after single fraction image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy to spinal metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5075-9.
Cunha MV, Al-Omair A, Atenafu EG, Masucci GL, Letourneau D, Korol R, et al. Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT): analysis of predictive factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84:e343-9.
Boehling NS, Grosshans DR, Allen PK, McAleer MF, Burton AW, Azeem S, et al. Vertebral compression fracture risk after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;16:379-86.
Thibault I, Al-Omair A, Masucci GL, Masson-Cote L, Lochray F, Korol R, et al. Spine stereotactic body radiotherapy for renal cell cancer spinal metastases: analysis of outcomes and risk of vertebral compression fracture. J Neurosurg Spine. 2014;21:711-8.
Downloads
Published
2015-12-29
How to Cite
1.
ส่งทอง อ. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases. J Thai Assn of Radiat Oncol [Internet]. 2015 Dec. 29 [cited 2024 Dec. 21];21(2):62-90. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jtaro/article/view/203274
Issue
Section
Original articles
License
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารมะเร็งวิวัฒน์ ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับ และบุคคลากรท่านอื่น ๆ ใน สมาคมฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใดๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
