Effects of a perceived self-efficacy, disease knowledge, and social support enhancement program on knowledge, self-care behaviors, and blood pressure among the older adults with uncontrolled hypertension
Keywords:
uncontrolled hypertension, perceived self-efficacy, disease knowledge, social support, self-care behaviorsAbstract
The issue of chronically ill elderly individuals, particularly those with often uncontrollable high blood pressure, is a significant public health concern in Thailand. This study aimed to explore the effect of a perceived self-efficacy, disease knowledge, and social support enhancement program on knowledge, self-care behaviors, and blood pressure in older individuals dealing with uncontrolled hypertension. Employing a quasi-experimental research design with a two-group pre-posttest approach, the sample included 60 elderly participants with uncontrollable high blood pressure from the Chronic Diseases Clinic at Banladchang Health Promoting Hospital in Nakhon Nayok province. Participants were assigned by simple randomization to either the experimental group (30 participants) or the control group (30 participants). The control group received routine health care services from physicians and nurses, while the experimental group, in addition to routine care, engaged in a 12-week program covering disease knowledge, medication management, label reading, nutrition awareness, information exchange, shared experiences with experienced older adults, exercise, stress management, problem-solving, goal-setting, and receiving educational video clips via the Line application. Assessments in knowledge, self-care behavior using questionnaires, and blood pressure measurement were conducted before the program, at 12 weeks, and at 16 weeks post-program. Data analysis involved Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and one-way repeated measure ANOVA. The results revealed (1) a statistically significant improvement in disease knowledge scores for the experimental group compared to the control group post-program (p<0.001). (2) at the 12th and 16th weeks, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher self-care behavior scores than the control group (p=0.041, p=0.002 respectively). (3) at the 12th and 16th weeks, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant lower average systolic blood pressure compared to the control group (p=0.040, p=0.041 respectively). In conclusion, the study results indicate that the perceived self-efficacy, disease knowledge, and social support enhancement program could modify self-care behaviors, improve understanding of disease knowledge, and lower blood pressure in uncontrolled hypertension older adults.
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