Effects of milk consumption on lipid profile changes among individuals with metabolic syndrome
Keywords:
cow milk, soy milk with milk powder, high calcium soy milk no sugar added, lipid profileAbstract
Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Some studies have shown the benefit of consuming soy products could decrease lipid profile. This clinical study aimed to study the effect of consuming various types of milk on lipid profile changes among individuals with metabolic syndrome. There were 70 participants with metabolic syndrome were randomized into four groups: Group 1 received cow milk, Group 2 soy milk with milk powder, Group 3 high calcium soy milk, plain and with no sugar added, and Group 4 high calcium soy milk, multigrain and with no sugar added. Groups 1 and 2 consumed 500 ml of milk daily, while Groups 3 and 4 consumed 460 ml of milk daily. Milk was consumed twice daily 15-30 minutes before breakfast and dinner for eight weeks. The serum lipid profile was determined in weeks 0, 4 and 8. The methodology used One-Way repeated measures ANOVA and the Friedman two-way analysis of variance to analyze the differences within each group. A One-Way ANOVA and a Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences between groups, and the statistical significance was defined with a p-value<0.05. The results of within-group comparisons revealed that all four types of milk significantly raised HDL-cholesterol from Week 4. For soy milk with milk powder and high calcium soy milk, plain, no sugar added, significantly reduced LDL- cholesterol in Week 8. There were no significant changes observed in the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides across all groups. The between-group comparisons showed that LDL-cholesterol of high calcium soy milk, plain, with no sugar added group was significantly lower those for that in the cow milk and high calcium soy milk, multigrain, no sugar added group. Moreover, high calcium soy milk, plain and no sugar added exhibited significantly lower total cholesterol than other groups. Therefore, consuming cow milk and three types of soy milk could improve serum lipid profile.
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