The potential role of fungal Quorum-sensing, Tryptophol, in human pathogenic fungi focusing on systemic mycosis
Keywords:
A549 cells, Cell toxicity, Quorum-sensing molecules, TryptopholAbstract
Tryptophol, a quorum-sensing molecule (QSM), is a secondary metabolite secreted from yeast. Recent studies have suggested anti-fungal activity against pathogenic fungi. This study aims to determine the activity of tryptophol against the growth of invasive pathogenic fungi, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Talaromyces marneffei, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida parapsilosis, and Lodderomyces elongisporus and to study the cytotoxicity on A549 lung cancer cells. The lowest MIC and MFC values of H. capsulatum, T. marneffei, A. fumigatus, C. neoformans, C. parapsilosis, and L. elogisporus were MIC 6.25, 3.12, 25, 3.12, 12.5, and 12.5 mM and MFC 50, 3.12, 50, 6.25, 25, and 25 mM, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of tryptophol on A549 cells at the concentration of 3.12 and 31.2 mM for 24 h were determined. Cell viability was 98.94% and decreased to 1.09% after treated with a higher concentration of tryptophol, as determined by using trypan blue staining. Percentage of cell cytotoxicity was 66.31± 2.91 and 6.30 ± 0.28% in 3.21mM and 31.2mM (10 folds of MIC) of Tryptophol, respectively, which determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The induction of cell apoptosis by tryptophol, was determined using acridine orangeethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and examined under fluorescence microscope. The results showed that tryptophol exhibited anti-fungal properties, although it induced A549 cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis by 11% and 93%, respectively.
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