Shifting the Paradigm of Autism Early Intervention in Thailand: A Pilot Study of the THAI Model Thai Home-Based Autism Intervention Model
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Abstract
This study examines the Thai Home-based Autism Intervention (THAI) model, a parent-mediated, play-based approach designed to shift the paradigm from a medical model to a family-centered framework, addressing systemic inequities in early ASD care. This was a quasi-experimental pilot study conducted over six months in five provincial hospitals. Forty-six caregiver-child pairs participated in the intervention, which included biweekly in-clinic I-CARE skills coaching (Interaction, Comfort, Adapt, Respond, Encouragement), parent support groups, and home-based activities. Outcomes were assessed using the Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS), I-CARE Assessment, and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Parent-child interaction improved significantly (I-CARE scores increased from 12.69 ± 5.08 to 16.60 ± 6.45, p < .001), as did children’s social-emotional development (FEAS scores increased from 28.67 ± 9.34 to 35.31 ± 9.21, p < .001). Parental stress decreased significantly (PSI-SF scores from 94.89 ± 13.40 to 85.09 ± 12.43, p < .001). Provinces with fewer resources showed the greatest improvements, particularly among children under three years old. The THAI model represents a paradigm shift in early ASD intervention by decentralizing care to families and communities, empowering caregivers, and addressing disparities in access. This scalable, culturally adapted approach holds promise for reducing health inequalities in LMICs.
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