Publication Ethics

ASEAN Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ASEAN J Rehabil Med) adheres to principles of research integrity and aim to avoid any type of scientific misconduct, such as fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, redundant publication, or authorship problems. The journal follows the principles by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines Good Publication Practice for handling allegations of publishing misconduct pre- and post-publication. Please refer to COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics for more details and see the COPE Guidelines on Good Publication Practice at (https://publicationethics.org/files/u7141/1999pdf13.pdf).

Journal owner, authors, editors, advisory board members and reviewers are expected to carry out their responsibilities in a fair, honest, and ethical manner. If there is any evidence of scientific misconduct or any party becomes aware of attempts to manipulate the peer review process, they must report these incidents to the journal.

The journal owners, authors, editors, and reviewers are required to fulfill their duties with fairness, integrity, and ethical standards. Any evidence of scientific misconduct or attempts to manipulate the peer review process must be reported to the journal. Sanctions for such misconduct are listed in order of severity, beginning with a letter of explanation to the authors and escalating to the most serious measure, which involves reporting the case to the Medical Council or another relevant authority that can investigate and take appropriate action.

The responsibilities of each participant involved in the reviewing process are as follows.

Role and Duties of the Journal Owner

  1. The executive committees of the Thai Rehabilitation Medicine Association (TRMA) regularly monitor the editor's performance during the executive meetings. They would only dismiss the editor for some substantial reasons, such as scientific misconduct, inadequate performance, and inappropriate behavior. It is a policy that the advertisement of any sponsor supporting the journal should only be on the back cover of the printed journal.
  2. The executive committees of the TRMA declare that there is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.


Roles and Duties of Editor

  1. The chief editor works under the guidance of the policies of the Executive committees of the TRMA and regularly reports the Journal's progress and relevant issues at the executive and annual general meetings.
  2. The chief editor is responsible for selecting quality manuscripts to be published.
  3. The chief editor shall delegate decision-making to one of the associate editors when the editor or colleagues have written a research manuscript.
  4. The chief editor uses the journal's electronic submission system for all journal communications and checks for plagiarism and copyright infringement to ensure transparency in the process.
  5. The chief editor shall select three suitable reviewers from the editorial board and external reviewers. The reviewers have expertise in the relevant field of the submitted article, should not be affiliated with the author's institution, and should not have a conflict of interest to ensure that a peer review process is fair and unbiased.
  6. The editor shall promptly respond to any notification from the authors or a third party about significant errors found in journal articles. In addition, the editor accepts any complaint regarding publication processes. 
  7. The editor shall regularly review any research, publication, reviewer, and editorial misconduct. Any identified misconduct is subject to investigation by the Editorial Board of ASEAN J Rehabil Med. All misconduct and breach of publication ethics, irrespective of the extent thereof, may result in retraction, publication of formal notice of the misconduct, and formal embargo on future contributions to the journal. 


Duties of Reviewers

  1. All invited internal and external reviewers shall be informed to follow the journal policy of publishing quality medical research, innovation, review articles, and interesting case reports and case series. The peer review process is a critical assessment of manuscripts submitted to the journal, aiming to help authors and the editor improve the quality of the publication.
  2. The invited reviewers can accept or decline the invitation. If there is a conflict, one should decline the invitation. When one accepts to be a peer reviewer, he/she should critically assess the manuscript using the journal criteria for review without personal bias and submit the review with constructive comments and within the timeframe.
  3. The invited reviewers should refrain from suggesting that the authors include the reviewers' works to increase the reviewers' citation count but can do so only for a genuine scientific reason.
  4. The invited reviewers shall treat all reviewed documents/materials confidential and not directly contact the authors unless the editor gives permission.
  5. The invited reviewers must not use a submitted manuscript and its unpublished materials disclosed in their own research without the written consent of the authors. After submitting their reviews, the reviewers must destroy paper copies of manuscripts and delete electronic copies.
  6. The invited reviewers shall be asked for permission when the editor considers sharing reviewers' comments with co-reviewers of the same paper to enhance learning from each other.


Roles and Duties of Authors

  1. Authors should follow the journal formats when preparing a manuscript and presenting with accurate data, sufficient details and references, and correct interpretation without bias. Inaccurate statements are unacceptable and unethical.
  2. Authors should be aware of plagiarism of another's work and self-plagiarism of one own work, which is unethical and unacceptable. Works or words of others should be appropriately cited or quoted, and permission should be received when necessary.
  3. All authors are fully responsible for the originality and contents of their submitted manuscripts. All records and data presented in the manuscripts must be accurate and free of research misconduct, such as fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or any other research or publication misconduct. 
  4. When reporting on research that involves human subjects, human material, human tissues, or human data, approval from the local institutional review board (IRB) or other appropriate ethics committees must be obtained before undertaking the research.
  5. Authors should be concerned about authorship, which is limited to those who have contributed significantly to the conception, design, execution, interpretation, writing, and approval of the manuscript. Therefore, only those with substantial contributions should be listed as co-authors, and others, including research funder/supporters, should be acknowledged in the acknowledgment section.
  6. Authors should disclose any potential conflict of interest or financial and personal relationships with others that could influence the submitted work in the disclosure section.
  7. Authors should write a cover letter to the editor confirming that the submitted manuscript is original and has not been published or submitted to another journal.
  8. A corresponding author should be responsible for online submission, revising according to peer reviewers' suggestions, communicating with the editor during and after the publication process, and promptly responding to editorial queries.
  9. Authors should promptly notify the editor of a significant error or inaccuracy found in their published article so that the editor can do whatever is necessary, such as correcting or retracting the article.
  10. Authors should contact the chief editor or the president of the TRMA to appeal against the editorial decision.


Ethical Concerns in Human Subjects Research

  1. Informed Consent: Authors must ensure that participants provide informed consent before participating in the study. This involves providing detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks, benefits, and the voluntary nature of participation. Participants should be able to understand the information and make an informed decision.
  2. Beneficence and Non-Maleficence: Authors should prioritize the well-being of participants and minimize any potential harm. The potential benefits of the study should outweigh the risks. Researchers should reduce risks and ensure participants' safety throughout the study.
  3. Privacy and Confidentiality: Authors must protect participants' privacy and ensure the confidentiality of their personal information. Data collection, storage, and publication should maintain participant anonymity and confidentiality.
  4. Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval: Authors must obtain approval from an IRB or ethics committee before commencing the study. The authors should include the full name of the ethics committee, the date of approval, and the approval number or ID in their manuscript.
  5. Data Handling and Reporting: Authors should handle data responsibly and accurately report the findings. This includes maintaining the confidentiality of participants' information and presenting the results unbiased and transparently.

Clinical Trial Registration 

  1. Trial Registration Number: To enhance transparency and accountability, ASEAN Journal of Medical Rehabilitation requires the inclusion of the trial registration number for all clinical trial studies. This number should be cited in the declaration of ethical approval and linked to the registered trial.
  2. Accepted Registration Organizations: The trial registration number is typically an NCT (National Clinical Trial) number from ClinicalTrials.gov, an ISRCTN (International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number), or a registration number from the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR). All these numbers are assigned upon trial registration.
  3. Implementation Date and Policy Enforcement: Effective from April 1, 2025, the journal will no longer consider submissions from unregistered clinical trials. For any new clinical trial enrolling participants after this date, manuscripts will only be accepted if the trial has been registered with an appropriate registry prior to the start of the research.


Conflict of Interest (COI) Declaration

  1. Definition of Conflict of Interest: A conflict of interest (COI) occurs when personal, financial, professional, or other secondary interests may improperly influence—or appear to influence—the content, review, or decision-making related to a manuscript. See more details in the ICMJE Recommendations.
  2. Disclosure Requirements at Submission: Authors must disclose any potential COI related to their manuscript at the time of submission using the Authorship, Conflict of Interest Disclosure, and Copyright Transfer Form. This includes financial interests, funding sources, or other relationships that could be perceived as influencing the work. 
  3. Publication of COI: Relevant COI disclosures will be published at the end of the manuscript, before the reference list, to ensure transparency with readers. Disclosures must be updated if new conflicts emerge during the review or publication process.
  4. Publication of No COI: If authors have no conflicts of interest to declare, they must include a statement such as: “The author(s) confirm(s) that there is no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.”
  5. Handling Undisclosed COI: In cases where there is suspicion of an undisclosed conflict of interest during the review process, the journal will follow the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for managing such issues.


Data Availability and Sharing Policy

  1. Encouragement for Data Sharing: Authors are encouraged to make their data accessible to others to support the results or analyses presented in their paper. Data should be made available upon reasonable request, at the discretion of the author to determine whether a request is reasonable.
  2. Exceptions due to Privacy or Legal Concerns: If data cannot be shared due to privacy, confidentiality, or legal restrictions, authors should clearly explain these reasons in a Data Sharing Statement.
  3. Responsibility for Data Rights: Authors are responsible for ensuring they have the legal right to share the data and that sharing it does not violate any laws, regulations, or agreements.


Generative AI Declaration

  1. Accountability: Authors are personally accountable for the accuracy, originality, and validity of all content, including any material generated or assisted by AI tools.
  2. Reproducibility: Authors must provide sufficient documentation, artifacts, or non-AI baselines to enable the independent replication of any AI-assisted research step.
  3. Mandatory Disclosure and Logging: Authors must disclose all AI usage—even for minor language editing or writing polish—within the dedicated manuscript section. This disclosure must function as an AI Usage Log, clearly stating the tool's name, version, specific parameters (prompts), and a description of the human oversight and verification steps taken.
  4. Consequences: The journal reserves the right to issue a correction, erratum, or retraction if undisclosed or non-compliant AI usage or integrity gaps are discovered

Authorship and Contribution

  1. ASEAN J Rehabil Med recommends that authorship is based on the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria:
    -     Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
    -     Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
    -     Final approval of the version to be published; AND
    -     Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
  1. ASEAN J Rehabil Med encourages authors to specify the contributions of each individual who participated in the submitted work. To identify each author, the first name and family name are used, followed by the contributor roles according to the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT).


Correction and Retraction Policy

  1. Amendment: Minor corrections to improve clarity or accuracy without impacting the overall findings.
  2. Correction Article: Formal notice published to rectify errors that affect the integrity of the published work.
  3. Retraction and Withdrawal: Removal of articles due to significant issues such as ethical violations, data misconduct, or other serious concerns that invalidate the original findings.

         It's important to note that ethical considerations may vary across countries and institutions. Authors should familiarize themselves with the ethical guidelines and regulations applicable to their research context. Consulting with institutional ethics committees or relevant authorities can provide further guidance on ethical considerations for human research studies.