Positive Effects of Group Exercises Using a Resistance Band on Trunk Balance of Elderly Thais in Rural Communities
Keywords:
elderly, exercise, resistance band, trunk balance, fallAbstract
Objectives: To determine the effects of a group exercise program using a resistance band on the trunk balance of elderly Thais in rural communities.
Study design: A quasi-experimental study.
Setting: Ten villages in two districts of Phayao Province, Thailand.
Subjects: A total of 196 elderly people aged over 60.
Methods: The ten villages were randomly divided into two groups of five, the exercise (EX) villages group and the non-exercise (NE) villages group. Participants in both groups, village residents age > 60 were given instruction on the risks and prevention of falls, but only the EX group received training and then participated in group exercises using a low resistance band (a yellow Thera-Band®) for 30 minutes 3 times a week for 8 weeks. They were evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test before and at the end of the study. Comparisons were made both within groups and between groups using the dependent t-test and the independent t-test. The occurrence of falls in the 6 months prior to the study and falls during the study were also recorded.
Results: At the conclusion of the study, the EX group (n = 99) had a significant higher BBS score and a shorter TUG time (p < 0.001) than before the exercise program, while the NE group (n = 97) had a significantly lower BBS score and a longer TUG time (p < 0.001) than at the start of the study. The BBS scores of the EX group were significantly higher than those of the NE group (independent t-test, p < 0.001) and their TUG times were also significantly lower (Gaussian process regression, mean difference -1.22 (95%CI = -1.68, -0.75, p < 0.001). Of the EX group participants, 28.2% reported a fall in the six months prior to the study as did 25.5% in the NE group. No falls were reported by either group during the 8 weeks of the study.
Conclusions: A 30-minute session of group exercises using a low resistance band 3 times a week for 8 weeks can have positive effects on the trunk balance and mobility of elderly indivi-duals living in rural communities.
References
National Health Security Office [Internet]. Thailand: Worasan Kaomai. 2015 [cited 2017 Jul 26]. Available from: http://ulib.bcnsk.ac.th/.
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board [Internet]. Thailand. Social Statistic. 2015 [cited 2017 Jul 29]. Available from: http://www.nesdb.go.th/more_news.php?cid=75.
World Health Organization. A global report on falls prevention epidemiology of falls. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2007.
Fuller GF. Falls in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61:2159-68, 2173-4.
Chariyalertsak S, Rajatanavin R, Chiengthong K, Suriyawongpaisal P, Woratanarat P. Incidence of hip fracture in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J Clin Densitom. 2013;16:347-52.
Sucharitpongpan W, Daraphongsataporn N, Saloa S, Philawuth N, Chonyuen P, Sriruanthong K, et al. Epidemiology of fragility hip fractures in Nan, Thailand. Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2019;5:19-22.
Huang HC, Gau ML, Lin WC, George K. Assessing risk of falling in older adults. Public Health Nurs. 2003; 20:399-411.
Krishnaswamy B, Gnanasambandam U. Falls in older people. National/regional review, India. [cited 2017 Aug 2]. Available from: http://www.who.int/ageing/projects/SEARO.pdf.
Resnick B, Junlapeeya P. Falls in a community of older adults: findings and implications for practice. Appl Nurs Res. 2004;17:81-91.
Muehlbauer T, Roth R, Bopp M, Granacher U. An exercise sequence for progression in balance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:568-74.
Chiacchiero M, Dresely B, Silva U, DeLosReyes R, Vorik B. The relationship between range of movement, flexibility, and balance in the elderly. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 2010;26:148-55.
Holland GJ, Tanaka K, Shigematsu R, Nakagaichi M. Flexibility and physical functions of older adults: a review. J Aging Phys Act. 2002;10:169-206.
Bok S-K, Lee TH, Lee SS. The effects of changes of ankle strength and range of motion according to aging on balance. Ann Rehabil Med. 2013;37:10-6.
Soontorntai P, Phakdepiboon T, Sanjaroensuttikul N, Sinithanon R. Efficacy of beguine dance on balance in elderly Thais with a history of fall. J Thai Rehabil Med. 2016;26:61-66.
Janmookda V, Dajpratham P. The effect of the modified Boonmee long stick exercise on balance, flexibility and strength in the elderly. J Thai Rehabil Med. 2008;18:59-64.
Kumkate B, Wongpat P, Sanjaroensuttikul N. Effect of Tai Chi Chun exercise on balance in Thai elderly people. J Thai Rehabil Med. 2007;17:73-8.
Marturana A. A total-body resistance band workout you can do anywhere [Internet]. United States: The versatile tool will be your new favorite workout buddy. 2018 [cited 2017 Sep 30]. Available from: https://www.self.com/gallery/total-body-resistance-band-workout.
Pourtaghi F, Moghadam ZE, Ramazani M, Vashani HB, Mohajer S. Effect of resistance training using thera-band on muscular strength and quality of life among the elderly. Evid Based Care J. 2017;7:7-16.
Ribeiro F, Teixeira F, Brochado G, Oliveira J. Impact of low cost strength training of dorsi- and plantar flexors on balance and functional mobility in institutionalized elderly people. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2009;9:75-80.
Loampan T, Rachnavy H. Muscle strength and endurance after elastic band training in older adults. J Baromarajonani Coll Nusing Nakhonratchasima. 2019;25:148-67.
Asawakosinchai S, Sangpetch J, Rangsai W. Effects of health promotion with elastic band exercise on static balance and functional mobility in elderly people. J Prapokklao Hosp Clin Med Educat Center. 2011;28:110-24.
Petchalalai C, Udompanich S. Effect of elastic band exercise program on physical performance in Thai elderly. KKU J Public Health Res. 2019; 12:53- 61.
Bunthan W, Faiklue P, Rasmejam P, Choowattanapakorn T, Deethai S, Tipwong A. Exercise condition of older people dwelling-community in the Northern. Hum Soc Sci Arts. 2019;12:2146-59.
Farrance C, Tsofliou F, Clark C. Adherence to community based group exercise interventions for older people: a mixed-methods systemic review. Preventive Med. 2016;87155-166
Wang C-Y, Hsieh C-L, Olson SL, Wang C-H, Sheu C-F, Liang C-C. Psychometric properties of the Berg Balance Scale in a community-dwelling elderly resident population in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2006;105:992-1000.
Rydwik E, Bergland A, Forséén L, Fräändin K. Psychometric properties of timed up and go in elderly people: a systematic review. Phys Occup Ther in Geriatr. 2011;29, 102-5.
Shumway-Cook A, Baldwin M, Polissar NL, Gruber W. Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults. Phys Ther. 1997;77:812–9.
Department of Medical Service, Ministry of Public Health. Manual of evaluation and screening older adults. Bangkok: War Veterans Organization Office of Printing Mill, 2015.
Tarnanen SP, Ylinen JJ, Siekkinen KM, Mälkiä EA, Kautiainen HJ, Häkkinen AH. Effect of isometric upper-extremity exercises on the activation of core stabilizing muscles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:513-21.
Thaweewannakij T, Amatachaya S, Peungsuwan P, Mato L. Balance, fall and quality of life in active and inactive elderly. J Med Tech Phy Ther. 2010;22:271-9.
Simadamrong P, Wongphaet P. Effects of multidirectional and variable-speed body weight supported treadmill training on balance rehabilitation for fall prevention among community-dwelling elderly persons. ASEAN J Rehabil Med. 2019;29:45-50.
Aramrussameekul W, Changsirikunchai S. Effects of home-based exercise program using Thai–style braided rubber rope on blood pressure, muscle strength and quality of life in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. ASEAN J Rehabil Med. 2019;29:81-4.
