การบำบัดภาวะปวดประสาทกล้ามเนื้อและกระดูกด้วยการฉีดน้ำตาลเดกซ์โทรส
การบำบัดภาวะปวดประสาทกล้ามเนื้อและกระดูกด้วยการฉีดน้ำตาลเดกซ์โทรส
Keywords:
prolotherapy, perineural injection, dextroseAbstract
-
References
1. Hauser RA, Hauser MAB. Prolo your pain away! curing chronic pain with prolotherapy. 4th ed. Illinois: Sorridi Business Consulting; 2017.
2. Distel LM, Best TM. Prolotherapy: a clinical review of its role in treating chronic musculoskeletal pain. PM R. 2011;3:S78-81.
3. Hauser RA, Lackner JB, Steilen-Matias D, Harris DK. A systematic review of dextrose prolotherapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;9:139-59. doi: 10.4137/CMAMD.S39160. eCollection 2016.
4. Dagenais S, Ogunseitan O, Haldeman S, Wooley JR, Newcomb RL. Side effects and adverse events related to intraligamentous injection of sclerosing solutions (prolotherapy) for back and neck pain: A survey of practitioners. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87: 909-13.
5. Kraemer J, Ludwig J, Bickert U, Owczarek V, Traupe M. Lumbar epidural perineural injection: a new technique. Eur Spine J. 1997; 6:357-61.
6. Yelland MJ, Glasziou PP, Bogduk N, Schluter PJ, McKernon M. Prolotherapy injections, saline injections, and exercises for chronic low-back pain: a randomized trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29:9-16;discussion 16.
7. Lam S, van der Geest RN, Verhagen NA, van Nieuwenhoven FA, Blom IE, Aten J, et al. Connective tissue growth factor and igf-I are produced by human renal fibroblasts and cooperate in the induction of collagen production by high glucose. Diabetes. 2003; 52:2975-83.
8. Clarkson MR, Murphy M, Gupta S, Lambe T, Mackenzie HS, Godson C, et al. High glucose-altered gene expression in mesangial cells actin-regulatory protein gene expression is triggered by oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disassembly. J Biochem Physiol. 2002;277:9707-12.
9. Tang JB, Xu Y, Ding F, Wang XT. Tendon healing in vitro: promotion of collagen gene expression by bFGF with NF-kappaB gene activation. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28:215-20.
10. Reeves KD, Sit RW, Rabago DP. Dextrose prolotherapy: A narrative review of basic science, clinical research, and best treatment recommendations. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2016;27:783-823.
11. Topol GA, Podesta LA, Reeves KD, Giraldo MM, Johnson LL, Grasso R, et al. Chondrogenic effect of intra-articular hypertonic-dextrose (prolotherapy) in severe knee osteoarthritis. PM R. 2016;8:1072-82.
12. Rabago D, Kijowski R, Woods M, Patterson JJ, Mundt M, Zgierska A, et al. Association between disease-specific quality of life and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in a clinical trial of prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94:2075-82.
13. Miller M, Mathews R, Reeves K. Treatment of painful advanced internal lumbar disc derangement with intradiscal injection of hypertonic dextrose. Pain Physician. 2006;9:115-21.
14. Kim WM, Lee HG, Won Jeong C, Kim CM, Yoon MH. A randomized controlled trial of intra-articular prolotherapy versus steroid injection for sacroiliac joint pain. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16: 1285-90.
15. Hooper RA, Yelland M, Fonstad P, Southern D. Prospective case series of litigants and non-litigants with chronic spinal pain treated with dextrose prolotherapy. Int Musculoskelet Med. 2011;33:15-20.
16. Hooper RA, Frizzell JB, Faris P. Case series on chronic whiplash related neck pain treated with intraarticular zygapophysial joint regeneration injection therapy. Pain Physician. 2007;10:313-8.
17. Topol GA, Podesta LA, Reeves KD, Raya MF, Fullerton BD, Yeh H-W. Hyperosmolar dextrose injection for recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter disease. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e1121-8.
18. Yelland MJ, Sweeting KR, Lyftogt JA, Ng SK, Scuffham PA, Evans KA. Prolotherapy injections and eccentric loading exercises for painful Achilles tendinosis: a randomised trial. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45:421-8.
19. Maxwell NJ, Ryan MB, Taunton JE, Gillies JH, Wong AD. Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon: a pilot study. Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:W215-20.
20. Kim E, Lee JH. Autologous platelet-rich plasma versus dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. PM R. 2014;6:152-8.
21. Krogh TP, Bartels EM, Ellingsen T, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Buchbinder R, Fredberg U, et al. Comparative effectiveness of injection therapies in lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41:1435-46.
22. Scarpone M, Rabago DP, Zgierska A, Arbogast G, Snell E. The efficacy of prolotherapy for lateral epicondylosis: a pilot study. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18:248-54.
23. Sims SE, Miller K, Elfar JC, Hammert WC. Non-surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Hand (N Y). 2014;9:419-46.
24. Park JH, Song IS, Lee JB, Lee HY, Yoo SM, Yang SJ, et al. Ultrasonographic findings of healing of torn tendon in the patients with lateral epicondylitis after prolotherapy. J Korean Soc Med Ultrasound. 2003;22:177-83.
25. Seven MM, Ersen O, Akpancar S, Ozkan H, Turkkan S, Yildiz Y, et al. Effectiveness of prolotherapy in the treatment of chronic rotator cuff lesions. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2017;103:427-33.
26. Bertrand H, Reeves KD, Bennett CJ, Bicknell S, Cheng AL. Dextrose prolotherapy versus control injections in painful rotator cuff tendinopathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97:17-25.
27. Cole B, Lam P, Hackett L, Murrell GAC. Ultrasound-guided injections for supraspinatus tendinopathy: corticosteroid versus glucose prolotherapy - a randomized controlled clinical trial. Shoulder Elbow. 2018;10:170-8.
28. Lin MT, Chiang CF, Wu CH, Huang YT, Tu YK, Wang TG. Comparative effectiveness of injection therapies in rotator cuff tendinopathy: A systematic review, pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Aug 2. pii: S0003-9993(18)30920-1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.028. [Epub ahead of print]
29. Kim MY, Na YM, Moon JH. Comparison on treatment effects of dextrose water, saline, and lidocaine for trigger point injection. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med. 1997;21:967-73.
30. Rabago D, Patterson JJ, Mundt M, Kijowski R, Grettie J, Segal NA, et al. Dextrose prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11:229-37.
31. Dumais R, Benoit C, Dumais A, Babin L, Bordage R, de Arcos C, et al. Effect of regenerative injection therapy on function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized crossover study. Pain Med. 2012;13:990-9.
32. Rabago D, Mundt M, Zgierska A, Grettie J. Hypertonic dextrose injection (prolotherapy) for knee osteoarthritis: Long term outcomes. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23:388-95.
33. Hassan F, Trebinjac S, Murrell WD, Maffulli N. The effectiveness of prolotherapy in treating knee osteoarthritis in adults: a systematic review. Br Med Bull. 2017;122:91-108.
34. Hung CY, Hsiao MY, Chang KV, Han DS, Wang TG. Comparative effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy versus control injections and exercise in the management of osteoarthritis pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2016;9:847-57.
35. Sit RW, Chung V, Reeves KD, Rabago D, Chan KK, Chan DC, et al. Hypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25247.
36. Grote W, Delucia R, Waxman R, Zgierska A, Wilson J, Rabago D. Repair of a complete anterior cruciate tear using prolotherapy: a case report. Int Musculoskelet Med. 2009;31:159-65.
37. Bertrand H, Kyriazis M, Reeves KD, Lyftogt J, Rabago D. Topical mannitol reduces capsaicin-induced pain: results of a pilot-level, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. PM R. 2015;7:1111-7.
38. Bennett GJ, Chung JM, Honore M, Seltzer Ze. Models of neuripathic pain in the rat. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2003:5.32.1-16.
39. Smigel L, Reeves KD, Lyftogt J, Rabago D. Analgesic effect of caudal 5% dextrose in water in chronic low back pain. Am Arch Rehabil Ther. 2015;96:e103.
40. Lam SKH, Reeves KD, Cheng AL. Transition from Deep Regional Blocks toward Deep Nerve Hydrodissection in the Upper Body and Torso: Method Description and Results from a Retrospective Chart Review of the Analgesic Effect of 5% Dextrose Water as the Primary Hydrodissection Injectate to Enhance Safety. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7920438.
41. Calandruccio JH, Thompson NB. Carpal tunnel syndrome: making evidence-based treatment decisions. Orthop Clin North Am. 2018;49:223-9.
42. Malone DG, Clark TB, Wei N. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection, hydrodissection, and fenestration for carpal tunnel syndrome: description of a new technique. J Appl Res. 2010;10:117-24.
43. Makhlouf T, Emil NS, Sibbitt WL, Fields RA, Bankhurst AD. Outcomes and cost-effectiveness of carpal tunnel injections using sonographic needle guidance. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:849-58.
44. Wu YT, Ho TY, Chou YC, Ke MJ, Li TY, Tsai CK, et al. Six-month efficacy of perineural dextrose for carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92:1179-89.
45. Ke M-J, Wu Y-T, Ho T-Y, Li T-Y, Chen L-C. Platelet-rich plasma versus 5% dextrose for mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome [abstract]. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2107;43:S184.
46. Chen SR, Shen YP, Ho TY, Chen LC, Wu YT. Ultrasound-guided perineural injection with dextrose for treatment of radial nerve palsy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(23):e10978. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010978.
47. Chang KV, Hung CY, Ozcakar L. Snapping thumb and superficial radial nerve entrapment in de quervain disease: Ultrasound imaging/guidance revisited. Pain Med. 2015;16:2214-5.
48. Fader RR, Mitchell JJ, Chadayammuri VP, Hill J, Wolcott ML. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided hydrodissection of a symptomatic sural neuroma. Orthopedics. 2015;38(11):e1046-50. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20151020-15.
49. Chang KV, Hsu SH, Wu WT, Ozcakar L. Ultrasonographic technique for imaging and injecting the superior cluneal nerve. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;96:e117-e8.
50. Alderman D. Prolotherapy for knee pain. Pract Pain Manage. 2007;7:70-9.
51. Maniquis-Smigel L, Dean Reeves K, Jeffrey Rosen H, Lyftogt J, Graham-Coleman C, Cheng AL, et al. Short term analgesic effects of 5% dextrose epidural injections for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Dec 6;7(1):e42550. doi: 10.5812/aapm.42550. eCollection 2017 Feb.
52. Dufour E, Donat N, Jaziri S, Kurdi O, Couturier C, Dreyfus JF, et al. Ultrasound-guided perineural circumferential median nerve block with and without prior dextrose 5% hydrodissection: a prospective randomized double-blinded noninferiority trial. Anesth Analg. 2012;115:728-33.
53. Soliman D. Pain management by prolotherapy and perineural injection therapy. Middletown: Lambert Academic Publishing; 2016.
2. Distel LM, Best TM. Prolotherapy: a clinical review of its role in treating chronic musculoskeletal pain. PM R. 2011;3:S78-81.
3. Hauser RA, Lackner JB, Steilen-Matias D, Harris DK. A systematic review of dextrose prolotherapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;9:139-59. doi: 10.4137/CMAMD.S39160. eCollection 2016.
4. Dagenais S, Ogunseitan O, Haldeman S, Wooley JR, Newcomb RL. Side effects and adverse events related to intraligamentous injection of sclerosing solutions (prolotherapy) for back and neck pain: A survey of practitioners. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87: 909-13.
5. Kraemer J, Ludwig J, Bickert U, Owczarek V, Traupe M. Lumbar epidural perineural injection: a new technique. Eur Spine J. 1997; 6:357-61.
6. Yelland MJ, Glasziou PP, Bogduk N, Schluter PJ, McKernon M. Prolotherapy injections, saline injections, and exercises for chronic low-back pain: a randomized trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29:9-16;discussion 16.
7. Lam S, van der Geest RN, Verhagen NA, van Nieuwenhoven FA, Blom IE, Aten J, et al. Connective tissue growth factor and igf-I are produced by human renal fibroblasts and cooperate in the induction of collagen production by high glucose. Diabetes. 2003; 52:2975-83.
8. Clarkson MR, Murphy M, Gupta S, Lambe T, Mackenzie HS, Godson C, et al. High glucose-altered gene expression in mesangial cells actin-regulatory protein gene expression is triggered by oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disassembly. J Biochem Physiol. 2002;277:9707-12.
9. Tang JB, Xu Y, Ding F, Wang XT. Tendon healing in vitro: promotion of collagen gene expression by bFGF with NF-kappaB gene activation. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28:215-20.
10. Reeves KD, Sit RW, Rabago DP. Dextrose prolotherapy: A narrative review of basic science, clinical research, and best treatment recommendations. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2016;27:783-823.
11. Topol GA, Podesta LA, Reeves KD, Giraldo MM, Johnson LL, Grasso R, et al. Chondrogenic effect of intra-articular hypertonic-dextrose (prolotherapy) in severe knee osteoarthritis. PM R. 2016;8:1072-82.
12. Rabago D, Kijowski R, Woods M, Patterson JJ, Mundt M, Zgierska A, et al. Association between disease-specific quality of life and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in a clinical trial of prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94:2075-82.
13. Miller M, Mathews R, Reeves K. Treatment of painful advanced internal lumbar disc derangement with intradiscal injection of hypertonic dextrose. Pain Physician. 2006;9:115-21.
14. Kim WM, Lee HG, Won Jeong C, Kim CM, Yoon MH. A randomized controlled trial of intra-articular prolotherapy versus steroid injection for sacroiliac joint pain. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16: 1285-90.
15. Hooper RA, Yelland M, Fonstad P, Southern D. Prospective case series of litigants and non-litigants with chronic spinal pain treated with dextrose prolotherapy. Int Musculoskelet Med. 2011;33:15-20.
16. Hooper RA, Frizzell JB, Faris P. Case series on chronic whiplash related neck pain treated with intraarticular zygapophysial joint regeneration injection therapy. Pain Physician. 2007;10:313-8.
17. Topol GA, Podesta LA, Reeves KD, Raya MF, Fullerton BD, Yeh H-W. Hyperosmolar dextrose injection for recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter disease. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e1121-8.
18. Yelland MJ, Sweeting KR, Lyftogt JA, Ng SK, Scuffham PA, Evans KA. Prolotherapy injections and eccentric loading exercises for painful Achilles tendinosis: a randomised trial. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45:421-8.
19. Maxwell NJ, Ryan MB, Taunton JE, Gillies JH, Wong AD. Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon: a pilot study. Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:W215-20.
20. Kim E, Lee JH. Autologous platelet-rich plasma versus dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. PM R. 2014;6:152-8.
21. Krogh TP, Bartels EM, Ellingsen T, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Buchbinder R, Fredberg U, et al. Comparative effectiveness of injection therapies in lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41:1435-46.
22. Scarpone M, Rabago DP, Zgierska A, Arbogast G, Snell E. The efficacy of prolotherapy for lateral epicondylosis: a pilot study. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18:248-54.
23. Sims SE, Miller K, Elfar JC, Hammert WC. Non-surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Hand (N Y). 2014;9:419-46.
24. Park JH, Song IS, Lee JB, Lee HY, Yoo SM, Yang SJ, et al. Ultrasonographic findings of healing of torn tendon in the patients with lateral epicondylitis after prolotherapy. J Korean Soc Med Ultrasound. 2003;22:177-83.
25. Seven MM, Ersen O, Akpancar S, Ozkan H, Turkkan S, Yildiz Y, et al. Effectiveness of prolotherapy in the treatment of chronic rotator cuff lesions. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2017;103:427-33.
26. Bertrand H, Reeves KD, Bennett CJ, Bicknell S, Cheng AL. Dextrose prolotherapy versus control injections in painful rotator cuff tendinopathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97:17-25.
27. Cole B, Lam P, Hackett L, Murrell GAC. Ultrasound-guided injections for supraspinatus tendinopathy: corticosteroid versus glucose prolotherapy - a randomized controlled clinical trial. Shoulder Elbow. 2018;10:170-8.
28. Lin MT, Chiang CF, Wu CH, Huang YT, Tu YK, Wang TG. Comparative effectiveness of injection therapies in rotator cuff tendinopathy: A systematic review, pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Aug 2. pii: S0003-9993(18)30920-1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.028. [Epub ahead of print]
29. Kim MY, Na YM, Moon JH. Comparison on treatment effects of dextrose water, saline, and lidocaine for trigger point injection. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med. 1997;21:967-73.
30. Rabago D, Patterson JJ, Mundt M, Kijowski R, Grettie J, Segal NA, et al. Dextrose prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11:229-37.
31. Dumais R, Benoit C, Dumais A, Babin L, Bordage R, de Arcos C, et al. Effect of regenerative injection therapy on function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized crossover study. Pain Med. 2012;13:990-9.
32. Rabago D, Mundt M, Zgierska A, Grettie J. Hypertonic dextrose injection (prolotherapy) for knee osteoarthritis: Long term outcomes. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23:388-95.
33. Hassan F, Trebinjac S, Murrell WD, Maffulli N. The effectiveness of prolotherapy in treating knee osteoarthritis in adults: a systematic review. Br Med Bull. 2017;122:91-108.
34. Hung CY, Hsiao MY, Chang KV, Han DS, Wang TG. Comparative effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy versus control injections and exercise in the management of osteoarthritis pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2016;9:847-57.
35. Sit RW, Chung V, Reeves KD, Rabago D, Chan KK, Chan DC, et al. Hypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25247.
36. Grote W, Delucia R, Waxman R, Zgierska A, Wilson J, Rabago D. Repair of a complete anterior cruciate tear using prolotherapy: a case report. Int Musculoskelet Med. 2009;31:159-65.
37. Bertrand H, Kyriazis M, Reeves KD, Lyftogt J, Rabago D. Topical mannitol reduces capsaicin-induced pain: results of a pilot-level, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. PM R. 2015;7:1111-7.
38. Bennett GJ, Chung JM, Honore M, Seltzer Ze. Models of neuripathic pain in the rat. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2003:5.32.1-16.
39. Smigel L, Reeves KD, Lyftogt J, Rabago D. Analgesic effect of caudal 5% dextrose in water in chronic low back pain. Am Arch Rehabil Ther. 2015;96:e103.
40. Lam SKH, Reeves KD, Cheng AL. Transition from Deep Regional Blocks toward Deep Nerve Hydrodissection in the Upper Body and Torso: Method Description and Results from a Retrospective Chart Review of the Analgesic Effect of 5% Dextrose Water as the Primary Hydrodissection Injectate to Enhance Safety. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7920438.
41. Calandruccio JH, Thompson NB. Carpal tunnel syndrome: making evidence-based treatment decisions. Orthop Clin North Am. 2018;49:223-9.
42. Malone DG, Clark TB, Wei N. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection, hydrodissection, and fenestration for carpal tunnel syndrome: description of a new technique. J Appl Res. 2010;10:117-24.
43. Makhlouf T, Emil NS, Sibbitt WL, Fields RA, Bankhurst AD. Outcomes and cost-effectiveness of carpal tunnel injections using sonographic needle guidance. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:849-58.
44. Wu YT, Ho TY, Chou YC, Ke MJ, Li TY, Tsai CK, et al. Six-month efficacy of perineural dextrose for carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92:1179-89.
45. Ke M-J, Wu Y-T, Ho T-Y, Li T-Y, Chen L-C. Platelet-rich plasma versus 5% dextrose for mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome [abstract]. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2107;43:S184.
46. Chen SR, Shen YP, Ho TY, Chen LC, Wu YT. Ultrasound-guided perineural injection with dextrose for treatment of radial nerve palsy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(23):e10978. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010978.
47. Chang KV, Hung CY, Ozcakar L. Snapping thumb and superficial radial nerve entrapment in de quervain disease: Ultrasound imaging/guidance revisited. Pain Med. 2015;16:2214-5.
48. Fader RR, Mitchell JJ, Chadayammuri VP, Hill J, Wolcott ML. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided hydrodissection of a symptomatic sural neuroma. Orthopedics. 2015;38(11):e1046-50. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20151020-15.
49. Chang KV, Hsu SH, Wu WT, Ozcakar L. Ultrasonographic technique for imaging and injecting the superior cluneal nerve. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;96:e117-e8.
50. Alderman D. Prolotherapy for knee pain. Pract Pain Manage. 2007;7:70-9.
51. Maniquis-Smigel L, Dean Reeves K, Jeffrey Rosen H, Lyftogt J, Graham-Coleman C, Cheng AL, et al. Short term analgesic effects of 5% dextrose epidural injections for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Dec 6;7(1):e42550. doi: 10.5812/aapm.42550. eCollection 2017 Feb.
52. Dufour E, Donat N, Jaziri S, Kurdi O, Couturier C, Dreyfus JF, et al. Ultrasound-guided perineural circumferential median nerve block with and without prior dextrose 5% hydrodissection: a prospective randomized double-blinded noninferiority trial. Anesth Analg. 2012;115:728-33.
53. Soliman D. Pain management by prolotherapy and perineural injection therapy. Middletown: Lambert Academic Publishing; 2016.
Downloads
Published
2018-12-26
Issue
Section
Review Article
