Comparing the effectiveness of photo–video–based and real-situation training in the use of ergonomic risk assessment tools among physical therapy students: a classroom action research

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Photo–Video–Based Training and Real-Situation Training in enhancing ergonomic assessment skills among 33 fourth-year physical therapy students at Prince of Songkla University. A classroom action research design was employed, in which all participants completed both training methods with a one-week interval during the 2024 academic year. Knowledge and self-confidence in ergonomic assessment were evaluated before and after each training method, while the accuracy of RULA and REBA scoring was assessed by two experts. The results demonstrated that Real-Situation Training yielded significantly higher accuracy in several key assessment steps of both RULA and REBA compared with Photo–Video–Based Training. Although knowledge scores and self-confidence improved following both training approaches, greater improvements were observed after Real-Situation Training (p value < 0.001). These findings indicate that while photo–video materials are effective for foundational learning, real-situation experiences provide additional benefits by enhancing perceptual accuracy, clinical reasoning, and learner confidence. Integrating both training approaches may therefore optimize ergonomic education and strengthen clinical competence in posture and risk assessment.