Anesthesia in Post Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Syndrome
Anesthesia in Post COVID-19 Syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31584/psumj.2022252196Keywords:
anesthesia, elective surgery, post-COVID syndromeAbstract
The pandemic era of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten the major global health system in all aspects. Additionally, the number of patients requiring surgery is gradually increase. Patients always suffer from complications of the Coronavirus disease in both the short term and long term. To reduce morbidity and mortality, delaying elective surgeries for 7 weeks in COVID-19 recovered patients is the latest recommendation. As there is scarce of evidence in “post-COVID syndrome”, healthcare providers should carefully conduct preoperative evaluations and risk assessments for individual patients. In this paper, we review the recent evidence of long-term sequelae of COVID-19 infections, isolation times, time to elective surgery, and key considerations for anesthetic management of previouslyinfected patients.
References
Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans. Br J Surg 2020;107:1440–9.
Lamprecht B. Is there a post-COVID syndrome?. Pneumol 2020;8:1–4.
Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study. Lancet Lond Engl 2020;396:27–38.
Moreno-P rez O, Merino E, Leon-Ramirez J-M, Andres M, Ramos JM, Arenas-Jim nez J, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: a mediterranean cohort study. J Infect 2021;82:378–83.
Garg M, Maralakunte M, Garg S, Dhooria S, Sehgal I, Bhalla AS, et al. The conundrum of “Long-COVID-19”: a narrative review. Int J Gen Med 2021;14:2491–506.
Torres-Castro R, Vasconcello-Castillo L, Alsina-Restoy X, Solis-Navarro L, Burgos F, Puppo H, et al. Respiratory function in patients post-infection by COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulmonology 2021;27:328–37.
Mo X, Jian W, Su Z, Chen M, Peng H, Peng P, et al. Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge. Eur Respir J 2020;55.
Yao XH, Li TY, He ZC, Ping YF, Liu HW, Yu SC, et al. A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimal invasive autopsies. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2020;49:411–7.
Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen Y-M, Wang W, Hu Y, et al. Complete genome characterisation of a novel coronavirus associated with severe human respiratory disease in Wuhan, China. bioRxiv [serial on the Internet]. 2020 Jan [cited 2021 Sep 18];919183. Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/conten t/10.1101/2020.01.24.919183v2.full.pdf
Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, et al. A Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme– Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res 2000;87:e1–9.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet Lond Engl 2020;395:497–506.
Wilson MS, Wynn TA. Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis, etiology and regulation. Mucosal Immunol 2009;2:103–21.
Ojo AS, Balogun SA, Williams OT, Ojo OS. Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19 Survivors: Predictive Factors and Risk Reduction Strategies. Pulm Med [serial on the Internet]. 2020 Aug [cited 2021 Sep 21]; 6175964. Available from: https://downloads. hindawi.com/journals/pm/2020/6175964.pdf
Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Br J Surg 2020;107:e601–2.
Peter MG, Shaney B, Sujal RD, Anand D, Ian F, Michael G, et al. British thoracic society guidance on respiratory follow up of patients with a clinico- radiological diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. British Thoracic Society [serial on the Internet]. 2020 May [cited 2021 Sep 23]. Available from: https://www.britthoracic. org.uk/document-library/quality-improvement/covid-19/ resp-follow-up-guidance-post-covid-pneumonia/
Hoyler MM, White RS, Tam CW, Thalappillil R. Anesthesia and the “post-COVID syndrome”: Perioperative considerations for patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Anesth [serial on the Internet]. 2021 April [cited 2021 Sep 21]; 110283. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110283
Pellicori P, Doolub G, Wong CM, Lee KS, Mangion K, Ahmad M, et al. COVID-19 and its cardiovascular effects: a systematic review of prevalence studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;3:CD013879.
Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med 2020;38:1504–7.
Cuker A, Tseng EK, Nieuwlaat R, Angchaisuksiri P, Blair C, Dane K, et al. American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19. Blood Adv 2021;5:872–88.
Davido B, Seang S, Tubiana R, de Truchis P. Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a postinfectious entity?. Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020;26:1448–9.
Aghagoli G, Gallo Marin B, Katchur NJ, Chaves-Sell F, Asaad WF, Murphy SA. Neurological involvement in COVID-19 and potential mechanisms: a review. Neurocrit Care 2021;34:1062– 71.
Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, Wei H, Low RJ, Re’em Y, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. E Clin Med 2021;38:101019.
American society of anesthesiologists and anesthesia patient safety foundation joint statement on elective surgery and anesthesia for patients after COVID-19 infection. American Society of Anesthesiologists [serial on the Internet]. 2020 Dec [cited 2021 Sep 25]. Available from: https://www.asahq.org/ about-asa/newsroom/news-releases/2020/12/asa-and-apsfjoint- statement-on-elective-surgery-and-anesthesia-forpatients- after-covid-19-infection
Carf A, Bernabei R, Landi F, for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA 2020;324:603–5.
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA 2020;323:1239–42.
cdc.gov [homepage on the Internet]. Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Ending isolation and precautions for people with COVID-19: interim guidance. [cited 2021 Sep 23]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html
covid19.dms.go.th [homepage on the Internet]. Nonthaburi: Department Of Medical Services; Clinical guideline in COVID-19 for health providers. [cited 2021 Sep 23]. Available from: https://covid19.dms.go.th/backend/Content/Content_File/ Covid_Health/Attach/25640909181401PM_CPG_COVID_v.18.2_ ns_20210909%20-.pdf
cdc.gov [homepage on the Internet]. Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Assessment and Testing Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Post-COVID Conditions: Interim Guidance. [cited 2021 Sep 23]. Available from: https:// www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/postcovid- assessment-testing.html
Verity R, Okell LC, Dorigatti I, Winskill P, Whittaker C, Imai N, et al. Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:669–77.
Dong X, Cao Y-Y, Lu X-X, Zhang J-J, Du H, Yan Y-Q, et al. Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019. Allergy 2020;75:1699–709.
Wajekar AS, Solanki SL, Divatia JV. Pre-anesthesia reevaluation in post COVID-19 patients posted for elective surgeries: an online, cross-sectional survey. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021;17:1–6.
Bui N, Coetzer M, Schenning KJ, O’Glasser AY. Preparing previously COVID-19-positive patients for elective surgery: a framework for preoperative evaluation. Perioper Med 2021;10:1.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Author and Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.