ความก้าวหน้าในการแยกและการแปรรูปส่วนประกอบโลหิต: จากเลือดทั้งถุงสู่ผลิตภัณฑ์โลหิตที่เหมาะสมเพื่อการรักษา

Wasita  Navajitpaiboon; Napaporn  Mosikanon

Authors

Wasita Navajitpaiboon Regional Blood Centre XI, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thai Red Cross Society
Napaporn Mosikanon Regional Blood Centre XI, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thai Red Cross Society.

Keywords:

Blood component separation, Blood processing, Apheresis, Leukoreduction, Pathogen reduction technologies, Storage lesion, Quality control, Transfusion medicine

Abstract

Blood transfusion and blood component therapy are vital elements of contemporary therapeutic practice, significantly contributing to the care of various medical disorders. In recent decades, transfusion strategies have markedly progressed from whole blood utilisation to component-based therapy, with the objective of enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse reactions. This review offers a thorough examination of advancements in blood component separation and processing, encompassing fundamental principles of density-based separation, traditional centrifugation methods, automated processing systems, and apheresis technologies, all of which enhance product quality and consistency.

This review examines essential processing procedures aimed at enhancing the safety and efficacy of blood components, including leukoreduction, irradiation, and pathogen reduction technologies. The significance of additive solutions in prolonging shelf life and preserving cellular integrity is emphasised. Nonetheless, the preservation of blood components eventually results in biochemical, structural, and functional modifications generally referred to as storage lesions, which may impact red blood cells, platelets, and plasma, potentially influencing clinical consequences.

Quality control and compliance with international standards, such as those set by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB), and the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), are crucial for guaranteeing the safety and dependability of blood products within the transfusion chain. Future advances in technology and the incorporation of precision medicine are expected to support the development of tailored, patient-specific transfusion approaches, thereby improving clinical outcomes and advancing transfusion medicine.

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