Co-infection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Autochthonous Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV Infected Patient: The First Case Report in Thailand

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is caused by L.donovani, L.martiniquensis or L.siamensis infection found in many Middle Eastern countries. But there have been occasional reports of Thai peoples working in those countries. Furthermore, the patients who do not have a history of traveling abroad can cause this disease as well. In addition, opportunistic infections are also found, such as pulmonary tuberculosis but have not been reported in Thailand. This article presents a 46-year-old male patient; underlying disease was a HIV infection, hospitalized with prolonged fever and hepatosplenomegaly for 1 month. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia and infiltration from chest radiograph. Patients received bone marrow aspiration and found round-shaped organisms with nucleus and kinetoplast in the bone marrow. The sputum found acid fast bacilli. Therefore, diagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis with pulmonary tuberculosis and treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate and anti-TB drugs which are considered as the first patient in Thailand that has two types of infections together.