A Comparison of Indices for Evaluating Dental Arch Relationships of The Primary Dentition in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

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Published: Mar 28, 2025
Keywords:
Cleft lip and palate Dental arch Validity Correlation Index

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Krispijyakorn Sangharn
Resident of residency training program in Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University./ School of Pediatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology.
Somsak Kitsahawong
Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University.
Buddhathida Wangsrimongkol
Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University.
Poonsak Pisek
Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University.
Araya Pisek
Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the validity and correlation of indices used for assessing dental arch relationships in 5-year-old children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) compared to a gold standard index.


Materials and methods: The study included 63 UCLP patients who underwent primary surgery at Srinagarind Hospital between January 1997 and December 2023 and had 3D dental models available at ages 4 to 6 years. Dental arch relationships were assessed by two examiners using the 5-Year-Olds’ index, GOSLON Yardstick, Modified 5-Year-Olds’ index, and Modified Huddart/Bodenham index. The reliability, validity, and correlation of each index were then evaluated and compared to the standard 5-Year-Olds’ index.


Results: Intra- and inter-examiner reliability for all indices were high (ICC > 0.90). The Modified 5-Year-Olds’ index demonstrated the highest concurrent validity compared to the 5-Year-Olds’ index (Lin’s Concordance correlation coefficients = 0.90 and weighted kappa statistic = 0.83). The correlation between the Modified 5-Year-Olds’ index and the 5-Year-Olds’ index was the highest and in the same direction (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.90).


Conclusion: The Modified 5-Year-Olds’ index has been validated as an alternative index for assessing dental arch relationships in 5-year-old children with UCLP.

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Sangharn K, Kitsahawong S, Wangsrimongkol B, Pisek P, Pisek A. A Comparison of Indices for Evaluating Dental Arch Relationships of The Primary Dentition in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. Khon Kaen Dent J [internet]. 2025 Mar. 28 [cited 2025 Apr. 4];28(1):54-65. available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/KDJ/article/view/272315
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Vol. 28 No. 1 (2025): Jan-April (in press)
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Articles
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บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการลงตีพิมพ์ในวิทยาสารทันตแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่นถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์เฉพาะของคณะทันตแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใด ๆ จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษร จากคณะทันตแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่นก่อนเท่านั้น

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