Effect of Field of Views and Gingival Display with Upper Lip Length on Smile Esthetic Perception

Main Article Content

Suchanun Rungrojanarak
Chaimongkon Peampring

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the smile esthetics perception with various frame views and gingival display with upper lips length of laypeople accompanying patients undergoing dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkhla University. The participants were categorized into 3 group 18-30 years old, 31-59 years old, 60-80 years old. Each sex group comprised of 115 Male and 115 Female. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants asked to score the attractiveness of different frame views full-face and lower third of face of woman displayed ideal smile. Five photographs of smile per frame view, each with different degree of gingival display with medium upper lips length ranging from -4,-2,0,2,4 mm, were asked to mark on the VAS score by participants. The result showed that there was a statistically difference in the smile esthetics perception between full-face and lower third of face at gingival display with medium upper lips length -4,-2,0 mm (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study revealed that the smile esthetics perception between full-face and lower third of face were different at gingival display with medium upper lips length -4,-2,0 mm . There is a decreasing tendency in satisfaction with every age groups negative gingival display. Gingival display with medium upper lips length of 0 mm was the most attractiveness smile esthetic perception of male and female.

Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Rungrojanarak S, Peampring C. Effect of Field of Views and Gingival Display with Upper Lip Length on Smile Esthetic Perception. Khon Kaen Dent J [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 16 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];23(3):52-65. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/KDJ/article/view/242654
Section
Articles
Share |

References

Afrashtehfar KI, Assery MK. Five considerations in cosmetic and esthetic dentistry. JNJ Dent Assoc 2014; 85(4):14-5.

Abu Alhaija ESJ, Al-Shamsi NO, Al-Khateeb S. Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics. Eur J Orthod 2011;33(4):450–6.

McLeod C, Fields HW, Hechter F, Wiltshire W, Rody W, Christensen J. Esthetics and smile characteristics evaluated by laypersons: A comparison of Canadian and US data. Angle Orthod 2011;81(2):198–205.

Rajan S, Sanju B. Anatomy of ‘A Beautiful Face & Smile.’ J Anat Soc India 2003;52(1):74–80.

Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2001;120(2):98–111.

Ahmad I. Anterior dental aesthetics: Facial perspective. Br Dent J 2005;199(1):15–21.

Cunliffe J, Pretty I. Patients’ ranking of interdental “black triangles” against other common aesthetic problems. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2009;17(4):177-81.

Lombardi RE. The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics. J Prosthet Dent 1973;29(4):358-82.

Rifkin R. Facial analysis: a comprehensive approach to treatment planning in aesthetic dentistry. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 2000;12(9):865-72.

Kaya B, Uyar R. Influence on smile attractiveness of the smile arc in conjunction with gingival display. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2013;144(4):541-7.

Sabri R. The eight components of a balanced smile. J Clin Orthod 2005;39(3):155-67.

Springer NC, Chang C, Fields HW, Beck FM, Firestone AR, Rosenstiel S, et al. Smile esthetics from the layperson’s perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2011;139(1):91-101.

Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: Asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2006;130(2):141-51.

Kokich VO, Asuman Kiyak H, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Restor Dent 1999;11(6):311-24.

Mokhtar HA, Abuljadayel LW, Al-Ali RM, Yousef M. The perception of smile attractiveness among Saudi population. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2015;20(7):17-23.

Pithon MM, Bastos GW, Miranda NS, Sampaio T, Ribeiro TP, Andrade Gomes Do Nascimento LE, et al. Esthetic perception of black spaces between maxillary central incisors by different age groups. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2013;143(3):371-5

Lacerda-Santos R, Pereira TB, Pithon MM. Esthetic perception of the buccal corridor in different facial types by laypersons of different ages. Biosci J 2015;31(4): 1283-90.

Sriphadungporn C, Chamnannidiadha N. Perception of smile esthetics by laypeople of different ages. Prog Orthod 2017;18(1):8-15.

Flores-Mir C, Silva E, Barriga MI, Lagravère MO, Major PW. Lay person’s perception of smile aesthetics in dental and facial views. J Orthod 2004;31(3):204-9.

Menezes EBC, Bittencourt MAV, Machado AW. Do different vertical positions of maxillary central incisors influence smile esthetics perception? Dental Press J Orthod 2017;22(2):95-105.

Van der Geld PA, van Waas MA. The smile line, a literature search. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2003; 110(9):350-4.

Geron S, Atalia W. Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival display and incisal plane inclination. Angle Orthod 2005;75(5):778-84.

Hunt O, Johnston C, Hepper P, Burden D, Stevenson M. The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod 2002;24(2):199–204.

Goldstein RE. Study of need for esthetics in dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 1969;21(6):589-98.

Elfil M, Negida A. Sampling methods in Clinical Research; an Educational Review. Emerg (Tehran, Iran) 2017;5(1):e52.

Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. In: Behavior Research Methods 2007; 39(2):175-91.

Machado AW. 10 commandments of smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod 2014;19(4):136-57.

Apisariyakul J, Pintanon P, Kunadireck P, Suwannari W, Pongsiri S. Comparisons of Esthetic Perceptions of Smiles with Various Gingival Displays between Orthodontists and Lay People in Chiang Mai Province. C Dent J 2007;28(1):45–51.

Machado AW, McComb RW, Moon W, Gandini LG. Influence of the vertical position of maxillary central incisors on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013; 25(6):392-401.

Ahmad I. Anterior dental aesthetics: dentofacial perspective. Br Dent J 2005;199(2):81-114.

Fardal Ø, Johannessen AC, Linden GJ. Pre-treatment conceptions of periodontal disease and treatment in periodontal referrals. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28(8): 790-5.

Czochrowska EM, Stenvik A, Bjercke B, Zachrisson BU. Outcome of tooth transplantation: Survival and success rates 17-41 years posttreatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2002;121(2):110-9.

Wolfart S, Thormann H, Freitag S, Kern M. Assessment of dental appearance following changes in incisor proportions. Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113(2):159-65.

Jørnung J, Fardal Ø. Perceptions of Patients’ Smiles. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138(12):1544-53.

Ioi H, Kang S, Shimomura T, Kim SS, Park SB, Son WS, et al. Effects of vertical positions of anterior teeth on smile esthetics in Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013; 25(4):274-82.

Rodrigues Cde, Magnani R, Machado MSC, Oliveira OB. The Perception of Smile Attractiveness. Angle Orthod 2009;79(4):634-9.

York J. Facial attractiveness and the aged. Spec Care Dent 1999;19(2):84-8.

Feng XP, Newton JT, Robinson PG. The impact of dental appearance on perceptions of personal characteristics among Chinese people in the United Kingdom. Int Dent J 2001;51(4):282-6.

Behrend DA, Harcourt JK, Adams GG. Choosing the esthetic angle of the face: Experiments with laypersons and prosthodontists. J Prosthet Dent 2011;106(2):102-8.

Richards MR, Fields HW, Beck FM, Firestone AR, Walther DB, Rosenstiel S, et al. Contribution of malocclusion and female facial attractiveness to smile esthetics evaluated by eye tracking. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2015;147(4):472-82.

Muniz FWMG, Cavalcante DJ, Moreira MMSM, Rodrigues LKA, de Oliveira Fernandes CA, de Almeida PC, et al. Association Between Confidence in Smiling and Esthetic Characteristics. J Esthet Restor Dent 2017;29(2):E56-66.

Tjan AHL, Miller GD, The JGP. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51(1):24-8.

Pinzan-Vercelino CRM, Costa ACS, Ferreira MC, Bramante FS, Fialho MPN, Gurgel J de A. Comparison of gingival display in smile attractiveness among restorative dentists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, periodontists, and laypeople. J Prosthet Dent 2020;123(2):314-21.

Zachrisson BU. Esthetic Factors Involved in Anterior Tooth Display and the Smile: Vertical Dimension. J Clin Orthod 1998;49(1):25-31.

Machado RM, Assad Duarte ME, Jardim da Motta AF, Mucha JN, Motta AT. Variations between maxillary central and lateral incisal edges and smile attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2016;150(3):425-35.

Peck S, Peck L. Selected aspects of the art and science of facial esthetics. Semin Orthod 1995;1(2):105-26.

Peck H, Peck S. A concept of facial esthetics. Angle Orthod 1970;40(4):284-318.

Pausch NC, Katsoulis D. Gender-specific evaluation of variation of maxillary exposure when smiling. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg [Internet] 2017;45(6):913–20.

Roe P, Rungcharassaeng K, Khan J, Patel R, Campagni W, Brudvik JS. The Influence of Upper Lip Length and Lip Mobility on Maxillary Incisal Exposure. Am J Esthet Dent 2012;2(2):116–25.

Miron H, Calderon S, Allon D. Upper lip changes and gingival exposure on smiling: Vertical dimension analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2012;141(1):87-93.

Negrutiu BM, Vaida LL, Todor BI, Judea AS, Lile IE, Moca AE, et al. An important morphological feature of the face: Upper lip length. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2019;60(2):537–41.