EFFECTS OF AN ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACH ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES IN PHYSICAL CONDITIONING AND FOOTBALL PERIODIZATION COURSE
Keywords:
Active Learning, Academic Achievement, Expected Learning Outcomes, Football Education, Sports ScienceAbstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of an active learning approach on learning achievement and expected learning outcomes in the physical conditioning and football periodization course among thirdyear football major students from the college of sports science and technology, Mahidol University. A quasiexperimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. A total of 39 students were recruited using cluster random sampling, with the sample size determined via G*Power calculation. Research instruments for examining the efficiency of active learning with activity-based learning method that was implemented throughout a 15 -week semesters, including a course achievement test and an expected learning outcomes assessment form. The three dimensions of expected learning outcomes, including knowledge transfer,attitude, and skills in the physical conditioning and football periodization course were compared between
pre- and post-tests using paired t-test, with effect size calculated using Cohen’s d. Results indicated that learning achievement was significantly increased from 18.26±8.15 to 36.62±3.61 points (p < 0.001, d = 8.50).However, following the implementation of active learning, scores in all expected learning outcome domains increased after the intervention, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, active learning improved academic achievement among football major students, while expected
learning outcomes showed positive but non- significant changes.
(Journal of Sports Science and Technology 2026; 26(1):45-59)
(Received: 30 March 2026, Revised: 9 June 2026, Accepted: 16 June 2026)
*Corresponding Author: Chutimon Khemtong
College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University,
Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73170
E -mail: chutimon.khe@mahidol.ac.th
References
National Research Council (US) Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Early childhood development and learning: New Knowledge for Policy. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. How people learn brain, mind, experience, and school. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223290/
Warunya T., Sakda S. and Natad A. Effects of using activity-based learning model to develop scientific concepts and teamwork collaboration competency for grade 5 students. J Cur & Ins CMU. 3(2). 2024
Saingthong L, Techawattanasiridumrong W. Present the guidelines for developing learning management skills of 21 century teacher in primary education service Suphanburi area office 1. J Legal Entity Manag Local Innov. 7(2).2021
Lynott F, Nelson T, Oh H-J. Fostering students’ physical literacy through academic conversations:using Think-Pair-Share as a teaching strategy in physical education. Strategies. 35:11-7.2022
Aeni Y. The use of think pair share technique in teaching speaking PROJECT. J Engl Educ.3:570.2020
Jettanasen C, Kusolwong P, Maralat A. Effects of a five-step physical education learning approach combined with the think pair share on analytical thinking and combat skills in self-defense martial arts among high school students. JITD. 8(4).2025
Opstoel K, Chapelle L, Prins F, De Meester A, Haerens L, Tartwijk J, et al. Personal and social development in physical education and sports: A review study. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 26:797-813.2020
Lyman F. Think-Pair-Share: An expanding teaching technique. MAA-CIE Cooperative News. 2007.
Sukanya P. A study of learning achievement and attitude towards health education of grade 9 students using active learning management based on the GPAS 5 steps process. 2022.
Wipada P, Wipapan , Natcha M. Learning Management Based on Active Learning Concepts on History Learning Achievement and Higher Order Thinking Skills for Students in Small Schools. Thaksin University Journal of Education. 27-42.2023.
Waithaya C ,Kasemsan P, and Chanporn P. Effect of active learning approach on problem solving ability and achievement in health education and physical education of grade 7 students. Faculty of Education.Burapha University. 2020.
Puttipong T. A comparison of opinions on physical education teaching models based on active learning approaches for grade 6 students under the Chachoengsao primary educational service area office 1. Thailand National Sports University. 2016.
Bonwell CC, Eison JA. Active learning creating excitement in the classroom. 1991 ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports: The George Washington University 1991. Available from:https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED336049.
Sarakhon J, Savagpun P. Effects of physical education learning activities using folk sports games that affects basic movement skills of students in grade 5 at Buraparat Wittayakarn School: Naresuan University; 2023.
Mahakanok J, Srisiri S, Moungsirithum P. Effects of physical education learning management using the flipped classroom approach on the desirable characteristics of learning avidity and learning achievement among lower secondary school students. J Educ Stud. 47(5).2019
Faul F, Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 39(2):175-91.2007
Sullivan GM, Feinn R. Using effect size—or why the p value is not enough. J Grad Med Educ.Sep;4(3):279–282.2012
Duangpummes W, Kaewurai W. Learning management in Thailand 4.0 with active learning.Humanities and Social Sciences Journal of Graduate School, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University.11(2).2017
Dale E. Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching 3rd ed: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York: Dryden Press; 1969.
Oramanat W. Problem-based learning management to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills on life and the environment for grade 5 students. Naresuan University; 2019.
C. Sithsungnoen and A. Chanintharabhum. The development of learning activities using activitybased learning to enhance creative learning management design ability of pre-service teachers,Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University. Acad Innov J.11 (May - August) Vol. 11, No. 2.2021
Panich, V. The way to create learning for students in the 21st century. Bangkok: Tathata Publication;2012.
Suwanno P, Saiysit P. The relationship between satisfaction and learning outcomes in the bachelor of education program, Yala Rajabhat University Journal of Perspectives in Education. 2(2).2024
