The Association between Duration of Social Media Use and Quality of Sleep among Thai Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
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Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of poor sleep quality in adolescent patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to investigate the relationship between the duration of social media usage and sleep quality among these patients who were receiving outpatient treatment at the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 134 adolescent patients, aged 13 - 18 years, who were diagnosed with ADHD and receiving outpatient treatment at the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Data was collected using questionnaires. The participants completed self-report questionnaires on demographic data, social media usage, the social-media addiction screening scale (S-MASS), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Concurrently, their parents completed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham rating scale (SNAP-IV (short form)) to assess the adolescents’ ADHD symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the collected data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the sample. Univariate analyses, including Pearson correlation, independent 1samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA, were conducted to examine the relationships between various factors. Finally, multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with poor sleep quality. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study sample comprised 134 participants with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years. The majority of the sample were male (70.9%). Educational level was predominantly at the lower secondary school level, representing 93 individuals (69.9%). The most common body mass index (BMI) range was 18.5 - 22.9, which accounted for 32.8% of the sample. A high proportion of participants had no comorbid physical illness (82.1%) or psychiatric disorders (58.2%). The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 50.0%. The findings from the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that: 1) a moderate to high risk of social media addiction was associated with an increased likelihood of poor sleep quality (adjusted OR = 2.98, p = 0.006) 2) spending more than 56 hours on social media in one month was strongly associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted OR = 5.64, p = 0.009) 3) a diagnosis of mood (affective) disorders (F30 - F39) was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted OR = 7.82, p = 0.008).
Conclusion: The duration of social media usage and the risk of high social media addiction were associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Increased social media usage time and higher risk of social media addiction contribute to worsening sleep quality.
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