The Thai-version of the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties in Youth
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Abstract
Objective: to develop The Thai version Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire and explore the psychometric properties among Thai youth.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Thai youth aged 15 - 24, who reported engaging in online gambling at least once in the past 12 months. The sample size consisted of 200 individuals, selected through online questionnaire distribution using snowball sampling. The research tools included an online questionnaire (Google Form) comprising three parts: 1) general information section 2) The Thai version Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire for youth with 11 items, and 3) The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) with 9 items. Internal consistency reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Structural validity was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity were examined through correlation with PGSI.
Results: The sample comprised predominantly females (55%), with an average age of 20 years, and the majority were pursuing undergraduate education (81%). The top three online gambling experiences included mixed betting (21.89%), followed by baccarat/hi-lo (20.12%), and sports betting (14.50%). The Thai version Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire for youth demonstrated a single-factor structure with good fit indices (χ2 = 67.01; df = 39; relative chi-square = 1.72; p=.003; RMSEA = .06; RMR = .03; GFI = .95; AGFI = .91; TLI=.96; CFI = .97; PGFI = .56). The questionnaire exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .90) and a statistically significant positive relationship with The Problem Gambling Severity Index (p<.01, rxy=.84).
Conclusion: This study showed a structurally sound one-dimensional model, aligning with the original study's model. The questionnaire exhibited high reliability and convergent validity, indicating its suitability for use among Thai youth in assessing online gambling behavior.
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