The effects of the cognitive behavioral therapy program on depression of senior high school students at Non Khun District, Si Sa Ket Province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Depression is a major mental health issue among adolescents, which may lead to suicide. Finding approaches to treat thoughts and behaviors related to depression is a way to help reduce the problem and provide a pathway to return to normal life. This study is a quasi-experimental research aimed to comparing the average depression scores and self-esteem of high school students between an experimental group receiving a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program and a control group. The sample consisted of students with adolescent depression assessment scores ranging from 5 to 15 points, divided into 35 students in the experimental group and 35 in the control group. Data were collected using the Adolescent Depression Screening Tool (CES-D) and self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The CBT program consisted of 8 activities, each lasting 45 minutes, over 8 weeks, with a follow-up period of 4 weeks. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics, with Repeated Measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. The research findings revealed that the average depression score in the experimental group differed significantly from the control group (p < 0.001).
The score in the experimental group was 6.51 points lower than the control group (95% CI: -7.86, -5.17), and at the follow-up stage, the experimental group's score was 9.06 points lower than the control group (95% CI: -10.42, -7.70). Additionally,
the average self-esteem score after participating in the program was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p = 0.030), with a 2.00 points difference (95% CI: 0.20, 3.80). Therefore, individuals interested in applying the CBT program should receive theoretical and practical training in cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques from specialists. Schools can adapt the CBT program to conduct activities for high school students with depression in other areas or incorporate CBT knowledge into their curriculum, tailored to the school’s context, to reduce depression problems among students.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
World Health Organization. Depressive disorder (depression) services [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 11]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and youth in Thailand: An analysis of the situation and way forward. Bangkok: UNICEF Thailand; 2022. (in Thai)
Department of Mental Health. Depression statistics and Thai society: The silent emotional threat of the modern era [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 11]. Available from: https://dmh.go.th/newsdmh/view.asp?id=31459 (in Thai)
Thai Red Cross Society. Understanding depression in adolescents [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 11]. Available from: https://redcross.or.th/news/infographics/17485/ (in Thai)
Mahakitikun K. Effects of positive self-talk training programs on emotional disorders in adolescents [master's thesis]. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University; 2005. (in Thai)
Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University; Thai Health Promotion Foundation. Thai health 2020: Two decades of Thai education reform – failures and successes. Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing; 2020. (in Thai)
Panyawong W, Santitadakul R, Phawasuthiphaisith C. Prevalence of depression and suicide risk among Thai adolescents: A survey in 13 health regions. Journal of Thai Mental Health 2020;28(2):136-49. (in Thai)
Si Sa Ket Provincial Health Office. Documents for regular inspections and work supervision, Ministry of Public Health, round 2 of 2021. Si Sa Ket: Si Sa Ket Provincial Health Office; 2021. (in Thai)
Department of Mental Health, Prasrima -habhodi Hospital. Report on access to services for patients with depression [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 11]. Available from: https://thaidepression.com/www/report/main_report/ (in Thai)
Ministry of Public Health. Health Data Center. Access to mental health services [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 11]. Available from: https://hdcservice.moph.go.th/hdc/reports/report.php?source=pformated/format1 (in Thai)
Potibut N. Factors influencing depression among secondary school students in Non Khun District, Si Sa Ket Province. Sisaket Health Research and Development Journal 2022;1(1):104-16. (in Thai)
Institute of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Rajanagarindra. Clinical practice guideline for adolescents with depression. Bangkok: Beyond Publishing; 2018. (in Thai)
Makewilai J, Takviriyanun N, Vuthiarpa S. Effects of cognitive and behavioral therapy programs on depression and impulsive behaviors among adolescents in youth training centers in Bangkok and metropolitan areas. Journal of Nursing and Health Care 2018;36(1):154-63. (in Thai)
Ukranan P, Jeerasup N, Saguanrum K, Sukhawaha S, Kenbubpha K, Thongbenjamas S. Research report on developing a program to prevent depression in adolescents in schools. Prasrimahabhodi Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. 2019:102 p. (in Thai)
Vuthiarpa S, Sethabouppha H, Soivong P, Williams R. Effectiveness of a School-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Thai Adolescents with Depressive Symptoms. Pacific Rim international journal of nursing research 2012; 16(3): 206-21.
Jirasa N, Sukhawaha S, Saguanrum K, Kenbubpha K, Dit-ung H. Development and Test Effectiveness of a School-Based Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Depression in Adolescents. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand 2020;65(1):47-62. (in Thai)
Trangkasombat U, Lapboonsub W, Havanond P. The use of CES-D for screening depression in adolescents. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand 1997;42(1):2-13. (in Thai)
Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale: A Study of Thai Student Sample. Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand 2011;56(1):59-70. (in Thai)
Beck JS. Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.
Taweethanathatree A. Effects of group counseling programs using cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce risky gaming behaviors in lower secondary school students [master's thesis]. Bangkok: Srinakharinwirot University; 2021. (in Thai)
Joomlee P, Rattanajarana S, Kungchai W. Effects of group art activities programs on self-esteem and depression among the elderly in social welfare development centers. Burapha University Nursing Journal. 2021;29(2):47-58. (in Thai)
Ngaorungsee A, Wongtim S, Mekkhachorn N. The Effect of Individual Counseling to Enhance Self-Esteem of Depression Patients at Songkhla Rajanagarindraphychiatic Hospital in Songkhla Province. Royal Thai Army Nurses Journal 2019;20(2):8. (in Thai)
