Transient Pancytopenia Preceding Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : Case Report and Review Literature

Abstract

Abstract: Transient pancytopenia preceding acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a rare condition mostly found among girls and female teenage. The authors reported a 5-year-old girl presented with 2 episodes of high grade fever and pancytopenia which confirmed by bone marrow aspirates to be hypocellular marrow. The condition recovered spontaneously. However, the patient redeveloped a high grade fever with mucoid diamhea one and half month later. The investigation showed complete blood count of progressive pancytopenia. The bone marrow aspiration demonstrated 50% lymphoblast in the marrow population. The final diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia.When CBC feature is pancytopenia with bone marrow finding of hypocellular marrow but later can reverse back to normal range spontaneously, one should be aware of the possibility of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We recommend
the doctor to close observe these patients for at least 6 months.