Risk factors associated with anemia in diabetes mellitus type 2 with moderate renal impairment
Keywords:
Anemia in diabetes mellitus, Anemia of chronic inflammation, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Renal impairmentAbstract
Abstract:
Background: Anemia is a common problem in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of anemia in moderate renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate; GFR 15-59 mL/min/1.73m2) was found predominantly among patients coexisting with type 2 DM compared with no type 2 DM. Related studies reported several factors such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN), erythropoietin resistance, obesity, metformin use and hyperglycemia associated with anemia. Identifying risk factors related to anemia may improve patient outcomes. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia in type 2 DM coexisting with moderate renal impairment. Material and Methods: Medical records of diabetic patients visiting the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center from 2009-2014 were gathered and reviewed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) less than 13 g/dL among males and 12 g/dL among females. Results: From 699 medical records, 120 participants (17.7%) with moderate renal impairment were included in the study. Sixty-five (54.2%) of 120 patients had anemia. The median age of patients was 62.3 years (43-86). The complications of type 2 DM included DN 92 (76.7%) and DR 15 (12.5%). Mean Hb was 12.4 g/dL (8.9-17.6) and mean GFR was 48.5 mL/min/1.73m2 (15.6-59.9). Females (p = 0.001), and DR (p= 0.05) were risk factors associated with anemia, after multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Anemia was found in 54.2% of diabetic cases. Females and DR were risk factors associated with anemia in type 2 DM with moderate renal function.
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