Antimicrobial Activity of Piper betle Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm
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Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a major organism causing root canal treatment failure. This study was aimed to
evaluate antimicrobial effects of Piper betle ethanolic extract on E. faecalis growing in a form of either planktonic or biofilm. The optimal time for its antimicrobial activity was also investigated. The antimicrobial effect against planktonic E. faecalis was first investigated using agar well diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were then determined by agar dilution method. The results showed that ethanolic extract of Piper betle inhibited E. faecalis that grew in a planktonic form with an inhibition zone of 12.4+0.13 mm (antimicrobial index = 1.5+0.03) in agar well diffusion assay. MIC and MBC of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively, were reported using agar dilution assay. Ethanolic extract of Piper betle as high as 50 mg/ml showed bactericidal effects when incubated with E. faecalis biofilms for 8 hours.
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