Techniques for Follicular Penetration Studies
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Abstract
Hair follicleswere an interesting target structure for drug delivery system. Although the total amount of hair and its follicles was only 0.1% of the total skin surface, they represent important shunt routes into the skin for hydrophilic drug and high molecular weight bio-molecules, as well as by particles-based drug delivery systems. Recently, many models have been developed for quantification of the delivery of drug into hair follicles. This review focuses on differential stripping and selective blocking of hair follicles technique, skin sandwich technique, and novel optical imaging system. For differential stripping technique, a combination of tape stripping and cyanoacrylate biopsies have led to quantify drug deposition in the upper hair follicles. In addition, selective blocking of hair follicles is widely used by selective sealing of hair follicles openings with micro-drops of a polymer-wax adhesive mixture to quantify drug retention in hair follicles. Secondly, skin sandwich model is an intriguing in vitro methodology that utilizes two human skin membranes, assuming that the additional stratum corneum blocks virtually all available follicular routes. However in this technique, transfollicular fate is determined and it is effective mostly for hydrophilic drugs only. Lastly, the use of novel optical imaging system, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) based techniques, can investigate semi-quantitatively the distribution of topically applied fluorescent dye in different skin layers and hair follicle structures. In conclusion of this review, these techniques have been developed to quantify the delivery of drug into hair follicles that could provide a clearer information of the follicles as shunts for systemic drug delivery as opposed to their use as targets for local therapy.
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