Microneedle Techniques for DNA Transdermal Delivery

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Boonnada Pamornpathomkul
Tanasait Ngawhirunpat

Abstract

Currently, gene therapy has been the popular approach in the medical fi elds. Gene therapy relies on the use of DNA as a medicine involving the insertion of the therapeutic DNA into cells and tissue to treat a disease. Plasmid DNA based skin therapies are being tested and clinically developed for the treatment of genetic skin disorderssuch as, skin cancers, psoriasis and diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, a new approach to vaccination is currently being investigated with the concept of DNA vaccines. This new technology is interesting due to its advantages over the traditional vaccines. Skin is an optimal compartment for vaccine delivery, because of its high density of immunologic antigen-presenting cells residing both within the epidermis and dermis including Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells, respectively. Transdermal drug delivery offers an advantageous of drug administration and vaccine for prophylactic applications. However, the formidable barrier properties of the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, impose signifi cant limitations for successful delivery of the therapeutic molecules particularly the macromolecules and genetic materials. Microneedle has been proposed as a strategy to breach the stratum corneum barrier function in order to facilitate an effective transport of the molecules across the skin.Microneedles are needle-like structures with the diameters in the size order of microns. The major advantage of microneedle is their ability to pierce the skin in a minimally invasive and painless way, easy to use, large scale production, and inexpensive cost. This article summarized briefl y the basics and examples of microneedles application for transdermal of DNA, for genetic diseases and vaccines.

Article Details

Section
Review Article

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