Effect of phenol red on cell cultures
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Cell culture is an in vitro model for primary screening of the pharmacological and toxicological potential of a substance before in vivo and clinical studies. Phenol red is the pH indicator in culture medium indicating a suitable time for medium change. Phenol red has estrogenic activity due to its non-steroidal estrogenic hormone-structure like 17b-estradiol and bisphenol. Phenol red-free medium is sometimes employed for culturing and treatment periods to avoid undesirable effects, e.g. interference with phase I and phase II enzyme activities, estrogenic activity, stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation, decreasing pharmacotherapeutic activity of anti-cancer drugs, and enhancing activity of anabolic compounds, particularly in estrogen-sensitive cells such as breast cancer cells and ovarian cells. Phenol red shows variable effects that can depend on its concentration and the type of cell, although relevant evidence is limited. Therefore, using phenol red-contained or -free medium during cell culture or treatment is a crucial choice for experimental design in order to prevent unreliable outcomes.
Article Details
In the case that some parts are used by others The author must Confirm that obtaining permission to use some of the original authors. And must attach evidence That the permission has been included
References
Ackermann T, Tardito S. Cell culture medium formulation and its implications in cancer metabolism. Trends Cancer 2019; 5(6): 329-332.
Ajonuma LC, Lai LT, Gui HZ, Wong CHY, Miu CL, Lok SH, et al. Estrogen-induced abnormally high cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression results in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19(12): 3038-3044.
Allen DD, Caviedes R, Cárdenas AM, Shimahara T, Segura-Aguilar J, Caviedes PA. Cell lines as in vitro models for drug screening and toxicity studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005; 31(8): 757-768.
Antoni D, Burckel H, Josset E, Noel G. Three-dimensional cell culture: A breakthrough in vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16(3): 5517-5527.
Baxter A, Minet E. Mass spectrometry and luminogenic-based approaches to characterize phase I metabolic competency of in vitro cell cultures. J Vis Exp 2017; (121): 1-10.
Berthois Y, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Phenol red in tissue culture media is a weak estrogen: Implications concerning the study of estrogen-responsive cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83(8): 2496-2500.
Bukovsky A, Svetlikova M, Caudle MR. Oogenesis in cultures derived from adult human ovaries. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005; 13: 1-13.
Carrel A, Burrows MT. An addition of the technique of the cultivation of tissues in vitro. J Exp Med 1911; 14: 244-247.
Clarke RJ, Williams JA. The value of phenol red and chromic chloride as nonabsorbable gastric indicators. Gut 1971; 12: 389-392.
Donato M, Lahoz A, Castell J, Gomez-Lechon M. Cell lines: a tool for in vitro drug metabolism studies. Curr Drug Metab 2008; 9(1): 1-11.
Duval K, Grover H, Han LH, Mou Y, Pegoraro AF, Fredberg J, et al. Modeling physiological events in 2D vs. 3D cell culture. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32(4): 266-277.
Eagle H. Cells in Tissue Culture. Science 1955; 122: 501-504.
Ernst M, Schmid C, Froesch ER. Phenol red mimics biological actions of estradiol: enhancement of osteoblast proliferation in vitro and of type I collagen gene expression in bone and uterus of rats in vivo. J steroid Biochem 1989; 33(5): 907-914.
Glover JF, Irwin JT, Darbre PD. Interaction of phenol red with estrogenic and antiestrogenic action on growth of human breast cancer cells ZR-75-1 and T-47-D. Cancer Res 1988; 48(13): 3693-3697.
Goldring W, Clarke RW, Smith HW. The phenol red clearance in normal man. J Clin Invest 1936; 15(2): 221-228.
Grady LH, Nonneman DJ, Rottinghaus GE, Welshons WV. pH-dependent cytotoxicity of contaminants of phenol red for MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 1991; 129(6): 3321-3330.
Harrison RG, Greenman MJ, Mall FP, Jackson CM. Observations of the living developing nerve fiber. Anat Rec 1907; 1(5): 116-128.
Ibrahim ES, Moustafa MM, Monis W. Comparison between phenol red chromo-endoscopy and a stool rapid immunoassay for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastritis. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015; 3(4): 1-6.
Jedrzejczak-Silicka M. History of cell culture. In: Gowder SJT, editor. New Insights into Cell Culture Technology. London: IntechOpen; 2017, 1-42.
Kapałczyńska M, Kolenda T, Przybyła W, Zajączkowska M, Teresiak A, Filas V, et al. 2D and 3D cell cultures – a comparison of different types of cancer cell cultures. Arch Med Sci 2016; 14(4): 910-919.
Kim YH, Bae YJ, Kim HS, Cha HJ, Yun JS, Shin JS, et al. Measurement of human cytochrome P450 enzyme induction based on mesalazine and mosapride citrate treatments using a luminescent assay. Biomol Ther 2015; 23(5): 486-492.
Liu X, Chen B, Chen L, Ren WT, Liu J, Wang G, et al. U-Shape Suppressive Effect of Phenol Red on the Epileptiform Burst Activity via Activation of Estrogen Receptors in Primary Hippocampal Culture. PLoS One 2013; 8(4): 1-9.
Michl J, Park KC, Swietach P. Evidence-based guidelines for controlling pH in mammalian live-cell culture systems. Commun Biol 2019; 2(1): 1-12.
Mirabelli P, Coppola L, Salvatore M. Cancer cell lines are useful model systems for medical research. Cancers 2019; 11(8): 1-18.
Monks A, Scudiero D, Skehan P, Shoemaker R, Paull K, Vistica D, et al. Feasibility of a high-flux anticancer drug screen using a diverse panel of cultured human tumor cell lines. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83(11): 757-766.
Morgan A, Babu D, Reiz B, Whittal R, Suh LYK, Siraki AG. Caution for the routine use of phenol red - it is more than just a pH indicator. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310 :108739.
Niu N, Wang L. In vitro human cell line models to predict clinical response to anticancer drugs. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16(3): 273-285.
Obiorah I, Sengupta S, Curpan R, Jordan VC. Defining the conformation of the estrogen receptor complex that controls estrogen-induced apoptosis in breast cancers. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85(5): 789-799.
Sakamoto R, Bennett ES, Henry VA, Paragina S, Narumi T, Izumi Y, et al. The phenol red thread tear test: A cross-cultural study. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993; 34(13): 3510-3514.
Santos RS, Frank AP, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Sex and media: considerations for cell culture studies. ALTEX 2018; 35(4): 435-440.
Senchyna M, Wax MB. Quantitative assessment of tear production: A review of methods and utility in dry eye drug discovery. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2008; 1(1): 1-6.
Sengupta S, Obiorah I, Maximov PY, Curpan R, Jordan VC. Molecular mechanism of action of bisphenol and bisphenol A mediated by oestrogen receptor alpha in growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169(1): 167-178.
Still K, Reading L, Scutt A. Effects of phenol red on CFU-f differentiation and formation. Calcif Tissue Int 2003; 73(2): 173-179.
Taylor MW. A history of cell culture. In: Taylor MW, editor. Viruses and Man: A History of Interactions. Berlin: Spinger; 2014, 41-52.
Thomas O, Brogat M. Organic constituents. In: Thomas O, Burgess C, editors. UV-Visible Spectrophotometry of Water and Wastewater. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier science; 2017, 73-138.
Tsang LL, Chan LN, Liu CQ, Chan HC. Effect of phenol red and steroid hormones on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in mouse endometrial epithelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2001; 25(10): 1021-1024.
Welshons WV, Wolf MF, Murphy CS, Jordan VC. Estrogenic activity of phenol red. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1988; 57(3): 169-178.
Wesierska-Gadek J, Schreiner T, Maurer M, Waringer A, Ranftler C. Phenol red in the culture medium strongly affects the susceptibility of human MCF-7 cells to roscovitine. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2007; 12: 280-293.
Yao T, Asayama Y. Animal-cell culture media: History, characteristics, and current issues. Reprod Med Biol 2017; 16(2): 99-117.