Development of an Expert System for Recommendation on Warfarin Dosing Adjustment Guideline in Patient for Pharmacist: A Pilot Study Using CLIPS Language
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Abstract
Warfarin is widely used as an oral anticoagulant in coumarin group. However, the narrow of therapeutic index and high risk of bleeding effect are some reasons for increased interest in warfarin dosing management. The aim of this research is to study an application of CLIPS language in development a prototype expert system for pharmacist used to make the decision in recommendation on warfarin dosing adjustment guideline in patients beginning warfarin therapy and patients with INRs above the therapeutic range. Methods: The required knowledge has been acquired through reviewing the literature in the related fi elds and guideline as well as interviewing an expertise pharmacist. Then, the acquired knowledge has been converted into the CLIPS syntax. Results: The evaluation of the expert system has been carried out by using 18 simulated test cases which have been validated by two expertise pharmacists and then comparing the results obtained from the system with those obtained from the experts. The result of the evaluation has been shown all case (100%) correctly. Furthermore, positive feedback has been given from the fi ve pharmacists. Conclusion: The inference engine of the developed system is accurate and the overall satisfactions have been good. However, this research is a pilot study. Therefore, the proposed system should be improved to be more complete and should be tested in a wider group of user to ensure a reliable conclusion anyway.
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