Pharmacological Activities of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.
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Abstract
Jakr-Na-Rai or Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., belongs to the family of Compositae (Asteraceae), other scientific name i.e. Gynura sarmentosa DC, Gynura divaricata or Calcalia sarmentosa Blume. It has been a medicinal plant commonly found in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand. Gynura procumbens has long been used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of health ailments such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, itchy rash, kidney discomfort and constipation. Many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and sterol glycosides, had been isolated from the leaf of G. procumbens. Many in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated various pharmacological activities of these bioactive compounds such as antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and sexual and reproductive function enhancement activity. Additionally, the various cosmetic activities were reported such as anti-oxidant, anti-tyrosinase. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the pharmacological and cosmetic activities, bioactive compounds and toxicities of G. procumbens based on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. These previous studies have shown the important pharmacological and cosmetic activities and the safety of G. procumbens. Therefore, G. procumbens is a potential and interesting herb for further development as novel therapeutic and cosmetic agents.
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