CYP4A : Roles, Expression, and Clinical Impacts

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Published: May 17, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/ijps.2019.17
Keywords:
Cytochrome P450 4A -hydroxylation arachidonic acid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid peroxisome proliferator activated receptor  CYP4A polymorphism

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Nathaphon Kuncharoenwirat
Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
Ph.D. (Pharmaceutical Sciences), Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 4A enzyme (CYP4A) plays an important role in w/w-1 hydroxylation of fatty acids (FA). w-Hydroxylation of arachidonic acid via CYP4A results in 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which is a potent vasoconstriction agent associated to cardiovascular disease. Hence, regulation of CYP4A expression is considered as a factor involved in the condition. Regarding the studies in rodents, regulatory expression of CYP4A is mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a (PPARa). After binding to a ligand, e.g. fibrates, plasticizers, and pesticides, the PPARa-ligand complex is formed and translocated to form a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR) in nucleus. The heterodimer bind with the specific base-sequences on peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) of CYP4A, followed by transcription of the gene. Nevertheless, this phenomenon does not occurred in human CYP4A, though human and rodents show very high percentage of base-sequences similarity. Regulatory mechanism of human CYP4A is presently unclear. Due to clinical reports, there is a relationship between polymorphism of human CYP4A and chronic diseases, e.g. diabetes retinopathy, abnormal lipid profile, and essential hypertension, etc. Therefore, this review focuses on significant role, expression, clinical impacts of CYP4A to be fundamental information for the study on regulation of human CYP4A expression and a guide to predict complications of chronic diseases associated CYP4A polymorphism.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 15 No. 2 (2019): Volume 15 No.2, April – June 2019
Section
Review Article

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