Normal Reference Range Values of Arterial Spin Labeling of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Perfusion during Normal Maturation from Childhood through Adolescence to Adulthood
Keywords:
arterial spin labeling (ASL), cerebral blood flow, normal maturationAbstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in normal healthy subjects from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.
METHODS A total of 38 normal, healthy subjects age between 8 and 32 were evaluated during the years 2018-2021 using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS The average region of interest (ROI) of all brain regions combined in all subjects was 37.05 ± 11.94/100 g per minute. The difference in average ROI in all regions in males and females was not statistically significant. The differences in average ROI in each of the brain regions by age group was not statistically significant. The average ROI of all brain regions combined and in each of the regions were not statistically significantly correlated with age.
CONCLUSIONS During the transition from childhood through adolescence to adulthood, there is no correlation between age or gender and overall cerebral blood flow in all regions as measured by the arterial spin labeling (ASL) method.
References
Gogtay N, Giedd JN, Lusk L, Hayashi KM, Green-stein D, Vaituzis AC, et al. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8174-9.
Biagi L, Abbruzzese A, Bianchi MC, Alsop DC, Del Guerra A, Tosetti M. Age dependence of cerebral perfusion assessed by magnetic resonance contin-uous arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25:696-702.
Sokoloff L, Reivich M, Kennedy C, Des Rosiers MH, Patlak CS, Pettigrew KD, et al. The [14C] deoxyglu-cose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. J Neurochem. 1977;28:897-916.
Broome DR. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis asso-ciated with gadolinium based contrast agents: a summary of the medical literature reporting. Eur J Radiol. 2008;66:230-4.
Detre JA, Leigh JS, Williams DS, Koretsky AP. Per-fusion imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1992;23:37-45.
Williams DS, Detre JA, Leigh JS, Koretsky AP. Mag-netic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:212-6. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:4220.
Chen TY, Chiu L, Wu TC, Wu TC, Lin CJ, Wu SC, et al. Arterial spin-labeling in routine clinical prac-tice: a preliminary experience of 200 cases and correlation with MRI and clinical findings. Clin Imaging. 2012;36:345-52.
Golay X, Guenther M. Arterial spin labelling: final steps to make it a clinical reality. MAGMA. 2012;25: 79-82.
Cataldo SD, Ficarra E, Acquaviva A, Macii E, “Mo-tion Artifact Correction in ASL images: An Im-proved Automated Procedure,” in 2011 IEEE In-ternational Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, Atlanta, GA, 2011 p. 410-3.
Ghisleni C, Bollmann S, Biason-Lauber A, Poil SS, Brandeis D, Martin E, et al. Effects of Steroid Hor-mones on Sex Differences in Cerebral Perfusion. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0135827.
Hales PW, Kawadler JM, Aylett SE, Kirkham FJ, Clark CA. Arterial spin labeling characterization of cerebral perfusion during normal maturation from late childhood into adulthood: normal ‘ref-erence range’ values and their use in clinical stud-ies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014;34:776-84.
Jain V, Duda J, Avants B, Giannetta M, Xie SX, Rob-erts T, et al. Longitudinal reproducibility and ac-curacy of pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labe-led perfusion MR imaging in typically developing children. Radiology. 2012;263:527-36.
Wang J, Licht DJ, Jahng GH, Liu CS, Rubin JT, Haselgrove J, et al. Pediatric perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18:404-13.
Pollock JM, Tan H, Kraft RA, Whitlow CT, Burdette JH, Maldjian JA. Arterial spin-labeled MR perfu-sion imaging: clinical applications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009;17:315-38.
Vavilala MS, Lee LA, Lam AM. Cerebral blood flow and vascular physiology. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2002;20:247-64. 16. Zhang N, Gordon ML, Ma Y, Chi B, Gomar JJ, Peng S, et al. The Age-Related Perfusion Pattern Meas-ured With Arterial Spin Labeling MRI in Healthy Subjects. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:214.