Time trends of skin prick test reactivity to inhalant allergens among allergic children in Chiang Mai

Lao-Araya M; Waithayawongsakul K

Authors

Lao-Araya M Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Waithayawongsakul K Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Keywords:

Allergy, Allergic rhinitis, Sensitization, Skin prick test, Chiang Mai

Abstract

Objectives Aeroallergens are known as important triggers of allergic diseases. Identification of allergen sensitization has important role in disease management and control. To determine the prevalence and pattern of skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to aeroallergen among children presenting with allergic symptoms. The data between two periods of time were compared.

Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive study. The medical records and SPT results of children (≤ 18 years old) who attended the pediatric allergy clinic at Chiang Mai University Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were collected. These results were compared with the data obtained from 2007-2012.

Results A total of 315 patients (male, 193 [61.3%]) were enrolled to the study. The mean age was 9.18 (S.D.= 2.96) years. The prevalence of sensitization or SPT-positive to any allergen was 82.9%. The most frequent allergens were house dust mite (77.8%), follow by cockroach (62.6%), pollens (29.3%) and pet dander (26.8%) [Dog epithelium 11.8%, Cat pelt 20.8%]. Presence of asthma was a significant factor associated with any sensitization (OR [95%CI] =2.210 [1.06-4.61]), and male gender was a significant factor associated with SPT-positive to pollen (OR [95%CI] =1.85 [1.09-3.14]). The rate of cockroach sensitization has significantly increased compared to the study in 2007-2012.

Conclusions House dust mite, cockroach, and grass pollen were the common sensitized aeroallergens among children in Chiang Mai. Asthma was the factor associated with SPT positivity. Increase in the rate of sensitization to cockroach was observed.

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