Burnout Syndrome: Nursing and Biological Perspectives

Main Article Content

Jakkapong Chompootong
Gaveree Lekkla
Hunsa Sethbouppha
Chalinee Suvanayos

Abstract

The study of burnout in the workplace primarily focuses on mental and social aspects rather than biological health. This article aims to help psychiatric nurses study the causes and biological mechanisms contributing to burnout and nursing care in order to improve patient outcomes.

Burnout syndrome involves biological changes such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as elevated cortisol levels, which affect serotonin function and reduce the ability to cope with stress. Genetically, genes that regulate neurotransmitter function play a key role in emotional regulation and stress management, contributing to the development of burnout syndrome. Psychiatric nurses should provide care that encompasses all four dimensions: promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Burnout syndrome is a significant issue that is often overlooked due to the unclear understanding of its biological factors. Therefore, psychiatric nurses should assess the causes and biological factors involved, and provide knowledge on hormonal changes, brain function, the immune system, and sleep patterns, along with continuous follow-up.

Article Details

How to Cite
Chompootong, J., Lekkla, G., Sethbouppha, H., & Suvanayos, C. (2025). Burnout Syndrome: Nursing and Biological Perspectives. Academic Psychiatry and Psychology Journal, 41(3), 28–39. retrieved from https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/APPJ/article/view/274445
Section
Review article (บทความฟื้นฟูวิชาการ)

References

Statista Research Department. Self-assessed level of burnout currently experienced among employees in the United States as of September 2022 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1360471/us-employees-burnout-self-assessment

Vankar P. Percentage of employees in the United States by current level of burnout as of 2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1383756/current-level-of-burnout-us-employees

Gonzales M. Here’s how bad burnout has become at work [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/inclusion-diversity/burnout-shrm-research-2024

Hfocus. Medical and public health personnel are at highest risk of burnout. The Department of Mental Health asks society to join in sending encouragement [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.hfocus.org/content/2022/11/26365. . Thai.

Department of Mental Health. Burnout syndrome [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Aug 1]. Available from: https://dmh.go.th/news/view.asp?id=2270. . Thai.

Lertwilai W. Burnout syndrome and related factors among medical technologists in Bangkok [master’s thesis]. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University; 2020. Thai.

Limnijsornkul J. Factors affecting burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 situation among professional nurses at Koh Samui Hospital. Mahachula Acad J. 2023;12:259–70. Thai.

Bayes A, Tavella G, Parker G. The biology of burnout: Causes and consequences. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2021;9:686–98.

Khatchaikhoson P. Job burnout among Generation Y in company employees [master’s thesis]. Bangkok: Mahidol University; 2021. Thai.

Maneewan W. Factors affecting teacher burnout of teachers under the Secondary Education Service Area Office 2 in Bangkok [master’s thesis]. Bangkok: Srinakharinwirot University; 2021. Thai.

Sinatpattanasuk P. Risk factors of burnout syndrome among staff at Sanpatong Hospital, Chiang Mai Province. Public Health Acad J. 2022;1:154–63. Thai.

Lertwilai W. Job burnout and related factors among medical technologists in Bangkok [master’s thesis]. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University; 2020. Thai.

Boondam Y. Public knowledge dissemination article: How to cope with chronic stress [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Aug 1]. Available from: https://pharmacy.mahidol.ac.th/th/knowledge/article/554. . Thai.

Chaiphuttanukul T. Burnout: Exhaustion leading to burnout syndrome [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.pitsanuvej.com/articles/burnout-syndrome. . Thai.

Lee RS, Sawa A. Environmental stressors and epigenetic control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neuroendocrinology. 2014;100(4):278–87.

Bakusic J, Schaufeli W, Claes S, Godderis L. Stress, burnout and depression: A systematic review on DNA methylation mechanisms. J Psychosom Res. 2017;92:34–44.

Alasaari JS, Lagus M, Ollila HM, Toivola A, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, et al. Environmental stress affects DNA methylation of a CpG-rich promoter region of serotonin transporter gene in a nurse cohort. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45813.

Middeldorp CM, Stubbe JH, Cath DC, Boomsma DI. Familial clustering in burnout: A twin-family study. Psychol Med. 2005;35(1):113–20.

Kakiashvili T, Leszek J, Rutkowski K. The medical perspective on burnout. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013;26(3):401–12.

Simran. Different types of mental burnout treatment [Internet]. [date unknown] [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https://mantracare.org/therapy/stress/mental-burnout-treatment

Phayathai Hospital. 8 essential hormones that you have to handle [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.phyathai.com/th/article/2561-8__essential_hormones_that_you_have_to_handle___branchpyt2. . Thai.

Supasitthamrong T. Endorphins: The happiness chemical that benefits the body [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.medparkhospital.com/lifestyles/endorphins. . Thai.

Cheaplamp S, Dangdomyouth P. Burnout syndrome. R Thai Air Force Med Gaz. 2006;66(2):44–52. Thai.

Sittisarunkul P. Stress vs burnout [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https://www.chonlatit.com/bs/topicDisplay.php?id=273. . Thai.

Rakkan J. Chapter 5 treatment and nursing [Internet]. [date unknown] [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https://elnurse.ssru.ac.th/jiraporn_ra/pluginfile.php/27/block_html/content. . Thai.

Wasiknanon S. New generation antidepressant: Agomelatine. J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2024 Sep 26];56:311–36. Available from: https://www.psychiatry.or.th/JOURNAL/56-3/09-Sorayut.pdf. . Thai.

NHS. SSRI antidepressants: Side effects [Internet]. NHS; 2023 [cited 2024 Sep 26]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/ssri-antidepressants/side-effects

Cleveland Clinic. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic; 2023 [cited 2024 Sep 26]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24795-ssri

Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP, Schaufeli WB, Schwab RL. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Mar 20]. Available from: https://www.mindgarden.com/117-maslach-burnout-inventory-mbi