การพัฒนาโปรแกรมการออกกำลังกายอย่างมีแบบแผนร่วมกับรูปแบบการรับประทานอาหารแบบปรับสมดุลสำหรับการเพิ่มหน้าที่การบริหารจัดการสมองในผู้ป่วยโรคเบาหวานชนิดที่ 2 ที่มีภาวะการรู้คิดบกพร่องเล็กน้อย: การศึกษานำร่อง

Saknarin Limcharoen; Piyathip Pradujprom; Yoottana Janthakhin

Authors

Saknarin Limcharoen Research and Statistics in Cognitive Science, Burapha University
Piyathip Pradujprom Department of Research and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Burapha University
Yoottana Janthakhin Department of Research and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Burapha University

Keywords:

type 2 diabetes mellitus, mild cognitive impairment, executive function, structured exercise therapy, balanced diet pattern

Abstract

This quasi-experimental study, using a one-group pretest-posttest design, aimed to develop and evaluate the effects of a structured exercise program combined with a balanced dietary pattern on enhancing executive functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of cognitive decline and impairments in executive functions, which may adversely affect long-term self-care behaviors. The pilot sample consisted of 10 patients with T2DM with MCI. Data collection tools included the Thai version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-P) 8.3 and the Thai version of the Executive Function Behavioral Rating Scale. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and the paired t-test to assess differences at a significance level of p < .05. The results showed that the developed program, consisting of a structured exercise program combined with a balanced dietary pattern, was evaluated by experts and demonstrated high content validity (S-CVI/Ave = .97). The results of implementing the program with the sample showed that overall executive function (t = 2.55, p = .03) and the Behavioral Regulation Index (t = 2.43, p = .04) were statistically significantly improved. However, the Metacognition Index did not show a statistically significant difference (t = 1.18, p = .27). Conclusion: The developed program showed a tendency to enhance executive functions in patients with T2DM with MCI. It was recommended that this program should be further investigated through a full-scale study to confirm the validity, reliability, and sustainability of the outcomes across more diverse contexts.

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