Microalbuminuria and associated factors in type 2 diabetes patients at Phrayuen hospital, Khon Kaen province
Keywords:
type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, microalbuminuria, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, screeningAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease with a steadily increasing prevalence worldwide and is a major cause of complications in multiple organ systems, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD), which significantly impacts patients' quality of life and imposes a burden on public health systems. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and trends of proteinuria in type 2 diabetes patients using the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and dipstick urine test results from retrospective medical records of 499 patients attending Phrayuen hospital, Khon Kaen province, between 2022 and 2024. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved mostly female patients (64.93%) with a median age of 61 years (IQR: 55-68). The analysis revealed that 31.26% had abnormal UACR levels (≥30 mg/g Cr). Median UACR increased significantly from 10 mg/g Cr in 2022 and 2023 to 20 mg/g Cr in 2024 (p<0.001). Factors significantly associated with abnormal UACR included male gender (OR=2.09, p<0.001), HbA1c ≥7.0% (OR=1.66, p=0.044), and elevated serum creatinine (OR=1.89, p=0.003). Although systolic blood pressure tended to increase with abnormal UACR, it was not statistically significant (p=0.079). Other variables such as age, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes duration, blood lipid levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed no significant associations. Logistic regression identified male gender, high HbA1c, and elevated serum creatinine as important predictors of early-stage kidney damage. The findings emphasize the importance of regular UACR screening, especially in rural or regional type 2 diabetes populations, to facilitate effective planning and prevention of chronic kidney disease at the community level.
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