Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
Keywords:
antibiotics, bacteria, antibiotic resistanceAbstract
Antibiotics (ATBs) are drugs that inhibit growth or kill bacteria in various mechanisms,such as inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, interfering with the function of the cell membrane, and inhibiting the synthesis of genetic material in bacteria. Since the discovery of penicillin in the 1920s, one of the world’s first antibiotics, people succumbed to illness caused by bacterial infections had a high survival rate. While antibiotic researches especially for developing new classes of antibiotics have been continuously conducted, there have been a great number of reports of bacteria that resist to antibiotics. The bacterial resistance is caused mainly by inappropriate use of the antibiotics, taking low doses of antibiotics, stopping antibiotic treatment before completing the duration of therapy, the unnecessary use of antibiotics. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include the presence of enzymes that inactivates or destroys antimicrobial agents, alteration in the drug target sites, reduced uptake to the antibiotics, and active efflux system to pump out the drug from the cell. The antibiotic resistance can spread easily and quickly among bacteria, beyond the discovery of the new antibiotics, and it become one of the most urgent public health threats in the world. Therefore, everyone contribute in fighting with antibiotic resistance by taking antibiotics only when necessary, or rationally using antibiotics.
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