Effects of Thai medicinal plant, Vernonia cinerea Less. extract on catecholamine, oxidative stress and chromosome aberration in nicotine-treated rats
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Abstract
Background: Vernonia cinerea Less. (VC) is a Thai natural plant that can help stop smoking, as claimed previously by smoking clinics in Thailand, but there is lacked of scientific supporting its mechanism and toxicity.
Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and radical scavenging activity of separated extracts from stem, flower and leaf of VC in vitro, including levels of catecholamines (dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline), oxidative stress, and acute toxicity in the chromosomes of nicotine-treated rats.
Materials and methods: Vernonia cinerea (VC) Less. was extracted and total phenolic was determined by standard methods. Antioxidant capacity and radical including, nitric oxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl were studied. Moreover, catecholamine oxidative stress, malondialdehyde were focused. Effects of extract on animal were explored compared to distilled water and chromosome aberration was determined.
Results: The results showed that leaf extract had the highest total phenolics and TAC. Stem extract showed higher activity than leaf and flower extracts in scavenging nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide radical (O2 o-). However, flower extract presented the highest activity on scavenging hydroxyl radical (OH o). After 20-day treated. statistical differences in levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline was demonstrated in nicotine-treated group. Co-treatment with bupropion showed a significant reduction in dopamine in all extract. Co-treatment with leaf extract showed significantly higher activity in increasing noradrenaline and adrenaline as well as bupropion, with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased TAC levels compared to flower or stem extract. In addition, there was no acute toxicity in any chromosomes from all directed extract treatments.
Conclusion: This result suggested that VC extracts possibly involved the catecholamine neurotransmitter in nicotine-treated rats, and may relate to antioxidant activity by radical scavenging in vitro, including non-acute toxicity in chromosomes from short-term direct treatment.
Journal of Associated Medical Sciences 2017; 50(2): 262-274. Doi: 10.14456/jams.2017.26
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Personal views expressed by the contributors in their articles are not necessarily those of the Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
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